Magnetic Processing of Diamagnetic Materials

Currently, materials scientists and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopists have easy access to high magnetic fields of approximately 10 T supplied by superconducting magnets. Neodymium magnets that generate magnetic fields of approximately 1 T are readily available for laboratory use and are widely used in daily life applications, such as mobile phones and electric vehicles. Such common access to magnetic fields—unexpected 30 years ago—has helped researchers discover new magnetic phenomena and use such phenomena to process diamagnetic materials. Although diamagnetism is well known, it is only during the last 30 years that researchers have applied magnetic processing to various classes of diamagnetic materials such as ceramics, biomaterials, and polymers. The magnetic effects that we report herein are largely attributable to the magnetic force, magnetic torque, and magnetic enthalpy that in turn, directly derive from the well-defined magnetic energy. An example of a more complex magnetic effect is orientation of crystalline polymers under an applied magnetic field; researchers do not yet fully understand the crystallization mechanism. Our review largely focuses on polymeric materials. Research topics such as magnetic effect on chiral recognition are interesting yet beyond our scope.

Research of the influence of magnetic processing of milk on the quality of kefir

An unconventional method of improving the quality of kefir is presented, the essence of which is that a normalized mixture was passed through a semi-industrial magnetotron at a speed of 5 cm / s and a magnetic induction of 40 mT. As a starter culture, two-day aging fungus was used. Viscosity was determined on a Geppler viscometer, carbon dioxide was determined by the level of liquid raising after heating, and volatile fatty acids were determined by steam distillation. The growth of microorganisms was evaluated by plating on solid nutrient media. A micro picture of kefir samples shows that in the experimental version there is a slight increase in the size of yeast cells and partial adhesion of coccal cells on the surface of the yeast. The positive effect of a constant magnetic field on the growth and development of microorganisms is determined. It has been established that magnetic processing of milk has a positive effect on the organoleptic characteristics of kefir. So, in kefir along with a more pronounced sour-milk taste and aroma, a more pronounced and characteristic for kefir nibbling taste is noted. A close relationship has been established between taste and consistency, which in experimental samples blends perfectly with the guest characteristics of the product. The positive effect of a constant magnetic field on kefir quality indicators is explained by the increased transport of nutrients through the cytoplasmic membrane. The water contained in kefir undergoes structuring, the sizes of water dipoles are reduced, and together with nutrients it is more easily transported through the cytoplasmic membrane, providing comfortable conditions for the development of cells.

A RESOURCE-SAVING PROCESS OF EXTRACTING INDUSTRIAL CONTAMINATS FROM FIBROUS MATERIAL

The study of the kinetics of extraction of unfixed dye from a colored fibrous terry flat material using a washing solution to intensify the process of magnetic processing was carried out. The possibility of reducing the duration of the process, reducing the concentration of chemicals in the formulation of the working solution, the amount of waste water and their contamination was shown.

Advantages of magnetic treatment of diesel fuels

The article focuses on the costs of fuel that take a weighable part in the prime cost of the products. Therefore, the improvement of fuel-efficient technologies has considerable eco-nomic and social effect. Magnetic processing is considered as one of nonconventional methods of fuel processing. Using a constant magnetic field reduces fuel consumption, concentration of un-burnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, and increases thermal effect of the engine operation. The mechanism of impact of magnetic processing on oil systems has been studied in different research works. Magnetic processing reduces thickness, viscosity, surface tension and increases the degree of dispersion of diesel fuel, resulting in smaller drops in the fuel-air mixture, their mixing with the hot gas-air medium, which leads to the complete burning of fuel-air mixture. To increase the efficiency of magnetic impact on fuel it is necessary to choose optimum regime parameters in each specific case. The influence of a constant magnetic field has been investigated in a three-section magnetic tunnel and the necessary parameters of conditions of diesel fuel processing have been determined by the criteria of fuel consumption and carbon monoxide concentration.