ENDOWMENT EFFECT DURING COVID-19 IN INDONESIA - BEHAVIORAL STUDY ON UNIVERSITY STUDENT’S PERCEPTION FOR MEDICAL MASK PRICE

Behavioral study about how people make decision becomes very popular nowadays. Many various researches address a problem or an error in people action. One of the errors that would like to be explored in this article is endowment effect. Endowment effect explains that people perceive fairness based on prior knowledge or a “frame” that put into their mind. This would be a problem because it could cause inconsistency in people action. Purpose of this research is to detect the endowment effect on university student when COVID-19 is taking place. The issue that would like to be explored is medical mask price increase during this outbreak. Simple survey on two groups of university students is conducted to detect this endowment effect. If the response from research respondents is the same on both groups then there is no endowment effect. Independent t-test is applied to test research hypothesis and validate the result. The finding is quite surprising; there is inconsistency between descriptive and hypothetical result. Most of respondents agree that the price is actually tradable at Rp 4,000 (it increases from normal price and about 0.27 USD) but they are reluctant to say this action fair. Some discussion and analysis are performed to expand this finding. Key Words: Behavioral Economics, Bounded Rationality, Endowment Effect, Opportunity Cost, and Self-Control

KAJIAN OPERASI PASAR KOMODITAS BAWANG PUTIH DI PROVINSI JAMBI

The research was conducted with the aims as the operation describing of garlic market, garlic price and determining the duration of time required to restore its normal price. The type of data was secondaries data with applying a deststudy collection method. Data were analyzed descriptively equipped with a single sample Chi-Square non-parametric statistical test. The results of the study showed that The operation of the Garlic engaged several department e.g. Jambi Province Industry and Trade Service (Disperindag), Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia, Jambi Province Food Security Service, and Indonesian onion and tuber vegetable business association (Bahrindo). A total of 3.2 tons of imported garlic were distributed to the wholesale level at a price of Rp. 22,000 per kg, so that the price at the consumer level was Rp. 32,000 per Kg. The lowest average daily price was Rp.18,000 per Kg (in January) and the highest average price was Rp.46,419 per Kg (in May). In the period January to May, the average price increase reached 157.8%, while the decline in May-December was smaller than the previous increase of only 65.9% (Average price in December was Rp.25,800 per Kg). The price of garlic after market operations continued to show an increase not only due to the presence of Ramadan and Idul Fitri, but also the supply of garlic imports was too slow. The highest price fluctuation occurred in May where the price range was Rp.70,000 per kg (Rp. 30,000 to Rp.100,000 per kg). The time required to return the price of garlic in the field to the normal price set by the government was 50 days or nearly two months from the started periode of market operations.

PENGENDALIAN HARGA PADA PROGRAM TOKO TANI INDONESIA CENTER PROVINSI SUMSEL DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM

Rice, Market, Price and government intervention are a unified whole that cannot be separated. If the market is not stable it will affect the price. This paper aims to describe and explain why controlling rice prices needs to be done by the government through the TTIC program in South Sumatra from the perspective of an Islamic economic perspective. study of the perspective of Islamic economics that recognizes free markets. Prices are submitted to the market where prices are formed at the request and supply so that a normal price is formed. The government is not allowed to intervene when prices are normal. The government is only justified in an emergency by promoting the concept of justice. The al-Hisbah institution functions as an independent institution that is free from the interests of certain groups. The intervention of the price of rice by the government aims to benefit the masses so that it does not overburden the community when the price of rice surges. This government program is carried out to keep prices stable when market demand increases. This type of research is field research conducted using a qualitative approach, this study departs from the conditions in the field in order to see and understand the phenomena that exist and are reversed in more depth. Symptoms include the views, thoughts, attitudes and actions of the informants, and also include the situations and conditions observed as well as the data which are the Sumatran TTI Center documents. The results of this study indicate that the government has carried out its role as a state institution that functions to control prices when prices rise in the community.

Analisis Prinsip Muamalah terhadap Model Transaksi Jual Beli Online pada Aplikasi Bukalapak (Program Serbu Seru)

The phenomenon of buying and selling online through programs that place lower prices makes interest in buying these items, cheap prices outside the normal price make people interested in participating in the program from BukalapakSerbuSeru. There is an imbalance between what is issued with what is received, people just need to pay 1 Rupiah, they have the opportunity to get cars, motorcycles, cellphones and other types of goods, even there are invaders who have won the goods they choose but do not receive the goods. Then it is necessary to conduct research to discuss the muamalah principle analysis of this transaction. This study aims to determine the muamalah principle of online buying and selling transaction models in electronic media, online buying and selling transaction models in the Bukalapak Seru Exciting application, and analysis of the muamalah principle of the transaction models in the BukuapakSerbu Exciting application. This research is qualitative, with a descriptive analytical approach. This type of research is a field (field research) with data collection methods: observation, interviews and literature studies. The results of this study are: First, the muamalah principle of the online sale and purchase transaction model in electronic media has fulfilled the nine muamalah principles. Second, the Transactions on the BukalapakSerbuSeru application have an unbalanced price, the delivery of goods that are not in accordance with the provisions, and there are other costs whose value is greater than the price being promoted. Third, the muamalah principle analysis of the online trading transaction model in the BukuapakSerbuSeru application that has fulfilled the muamalah principle, namely: mubah, halal, maslahah, benefits, willingness, and written principles. But what does not meet the muamalah principle is: the principle of balance, trust and justice.Key words : Muamalah Principle, Buying and SellingOnline, Bukalapak Abstrak. Fenomena transaksi jual beli online melalui program yang menaruh harga lebih rendah membuat ketertarikan untuk membeli barang tersebut, harga murah diluar harga normal membuat masyarakat tertarik untuk mengikuti program dari Bukalapak Serbu Seru. Adanya ketidakseimbangan antara apa yang dikeluarkan dengan apa yang diterima, masyarakat cukup membayar 1 Rupiah sudah berkesempatan mendapatkan mobil, motor, handphone dan jenis barang lainnya, bahkan terdapat penyerbu yang sudah memenangkan barang yang dipilihnya namun tidak menerima barang tersebut. Maka perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk membahas analisis prinsip muamalah terhadap transaksi ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prinsip muamalah terhadap model transaksi jual beli online pada media elektronik, model transaksi jual beli online pada aplikasi Bukalapak Serbu Seru, dan analisis prinsip muamalah terhadap model transaksi pada aplikasi Bukalapak Serbu Seru. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif, dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis. Jenis penelitian adalah lapangan (field research) dengan metode pengumpulan data: observasi, wawancara dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa: Pertama, prinsip muamalah terhadap model transaksi jual beli online pada media elektronik sudah memenuhi sembilan prinsip muamalah. Kedua, Transaksi pada aplikasi Bukalapak Serbu Seru terdapat harga yang tidak seimbang, penyerahan barang yang ditidak sesuai ketentuan, dan terdapat biaya-biaya lain yang nilainya lebih besar dari harga yang dipromosikan. Ketiga analisis prinsip muamalah terhadap model transaksi jual beli online pada aplikasi Bukalapak Serbu Seru yang sudah memenuhiprinsip muamalah yaitu: prinsip mubah,halal, maslahah, manfaat, kerelaan, dan tertulis. Namun yang tidak memenuhi prinsip muamalah yaitu: prinsip keseimbangan, amanah dan keadilan.Kata Kunci: Prinsip Muamalah, Jual Beli Online, Bukalapak

DAMPAK IHTIKAR TERHADAP MEKANISME PASAR DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM

This article is intended to explore the impact of ihtikar on market mechanisms in Islamicperspective. It provides a clear conceptual description of the effects of deviant actions in the marketmechanism, namely ihtikar actions. Then the concept can be used as an analysis for the role of governmentas a regulator of the market. This research is a library research with a qualitative approach. The analysisprocess will be described using the content analysis technique. The impact arising from the practice ofihtikar is the practice of ihtikar disrupting the smooth transactions in the market, where producers gethuge profits while consumers suffer losses because producers take profits above the price they should. Thepractice of ihtikar will disrupt the market mechanism, where producers will then sell at a price higherthan the normal price. It can be assumed the practice of ihtikar in trading includes acts that are veryimmoral and also inhumane, because such trade practices create many disadvantages for human life.

Price promotions: examining the buyer mix and subsequent changes in purchase loyalty

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the extent to which temporary price promotions attract people who do not normally buy a brand, and whether buyers change their propensity to buy the promoted brand afterwards.Design/methodology/approachThe study analyses promotions in 18 consumer goods categories in the UK and USA. It calculates the proportion of promotion purchasers that have bought a brand at least once in their last five purchases and the Share of Category Requirements of those purchasers. These figures are then compared to normal-price purchasers.FindingsThe study finds the majority of price-promotion buyers already bought the brand at least once in their last five category purchases (average = 77 per cent). This figure is similar to that for normal-price purchases (average = 81 per cent). Average Household SCR to the brand is also very similar for price-promotion purchases compared to normal price purchases. Therefore, promotions do not attract a markedly different mix of buyers. Furthermore, buyer propensity to buy the brand is the same after a promotion purchase as it was before.Research limitations/implicationsA contribution of the paper is that it supports a theory of consumers as cognitive misers, who screen out promotion information about unfamiliar brands. The paper also highlights that in packaged-goods markets, consumers can be generally seen as experienced buyers, who do not learn new information from buying brands they have previously purchased.Practical implicationsThe managerial implication is that price promotions must be judged on their immediate profitability. There seems little recourse to the idea they can result in “try it, like it, buy it again later” effects.Originality/valueWhile many studies have examined the effects of price promotions, this is the first to explicitly compare the mix of buyers attracted from a price promotion to that which occurs when a brand is sold at normal price.

Legal Protection For Debtors In Selling Of Immovable Guaranteed Objects Below The Market Price In Indonesian Positive Law

The difference price that occurs, in the implementation of execution of the debtor’s collateral object, the creditor should pay attention on the debtor’s right, ie the debtor should get a normal price on the guaranteed good which is being executed. It is related to the debtor's obligation, in case that the object’s price is under the value of the debt. The issues raised in this study are how the process of selling immovable goods under the positive law in Indonesia, How the actions that can be done by the debtor if the guaranty is sold by the creditor below the market price, How legal protection for the debtor in selling the immovable goods under the provisions of Indonesia's positive law. The research method used was normative juridical research with approach of law, concept, and case study. The results of this study found that, first, the initial procedure in selling the immovable goods is through an auction request. The auction request is made by the seller, in this case the creditor. Second, if the sale is conducted through auction, it can be requested for loss of a lawsuit against the law only found any mistake in the implementation of auction procedures. And third, these aspects include: Debtor position related to the determination of the limit value, the position of the debtor in the event of auction cancellation; The position of the debtor in the case of the sale of a guaranteed underhand object; and the position of the debtor when the item has been sold and is in a third party.Keywords: Protection; Sale; Positive Law; Immovable Objects

Multi period pricing for managing local fruit supply chain

Recently fresh fruit sector is grown not only due to increasing of demand that spirited by healthy lifestyle but also requirement of quality food should be eaten daily. Its complexity make many research considered fruit in certain supply chain, called as Fruit Supply Chain (FSC). In FSC, customers tend to purchase products with a longer remaining lifetime and avoid the ones which give aging signal. Customer willingness to pay decreases once the product start to be deteriorated, which may cause slower demand for aging fruits. Consequently, retailers should enable discounted price for aging fruits products to retain or improve demand rate. Main purpose of this research is explaining how to maximize supply chain profit by applying dynamic pricing. A set of mathematical model is optimized on this research. It addresses dynamic pricing for FSC players to achieve better profitability. The result proves that dynamic pricing is urgent to be done which is signaled by increment of FSC Profit. FSC players can separate selling period into three periods, which are forward buying period, normal price period, and markdown price period as implementation of this scheme.

KONDISI PERUSAHAAN PERIKANAN DI KOTA BITUNG PASCA MORATORIUM 2014

North Sulawesi is one of the provinces in Indonesia which have large fisheries potential. The province has made the results of operations and marine fisheries as one of the featured products to spur increase revenue. Then formulated some questions that become problems in this study 1). How is the post-moratorium fishing company in Bitung 2). Is this moratorium policy implementation can enhance the progress of the fishing company in Bitung 3). How do enterprise solutions to meet the needs of the company, when applied moratorium on fishing in Bitung.This study aims to 1) .To obtain scientific data about the condition of the fishing company Post moratorium on fishing in Bitung 2) .To determine the effect of the implementation of the moratorium policy of the condition of the fishing company in Bitung. The method used in this research case study approach. Retrieval of data taken in two fishing companies, namely PT. Sari Tuna Makmur and PT. Blue Ocean Grace International in Bitung City District of Aertembaga, data collection is done by observation and in-depth interviews. 1.Conditions fishing company in Bitung post-moratorium by the Minister of Marine and Fisheries in November 2014 are as follows: a) The number of vessels decreased from 3,213 in 2014 to 2,222 in 2015 and then rose to 3,165 in 2016. b) Production of fish reduced from 111,315.53 in 2014 to 45208.52 in 2015 then production rises, namely 46522.77 2016. c) The increase in the market price of skipjack Winenet, Girian and TPI of the normal price 12500-14000, in 2014 rose to 17000-20000 in 2015 and 2016. As for the Tuna from the standard price of 32000-35000 in 2014 and rose to 50000-55000 in 2015 and 2016. Then for the fish Deho from 5000-8000 at the normal price in 2014, rose to 9000-12000 in 2015, and rose to 12,000-15,000 in 2016. d) Increased export of fishery company PT. STM of 196,034.50 in 2014 to 294,911.4 in 2015 and falling back to 200,403.95 in 2016. e) The increase in exports of fishery company PT. Bogi of 116,196.20 in 2015 to 285,797.3 in 2016. 2. Moratorium Policy turn out to be a positive impact on the company's progress fishery indicated by the decline in the economic sector in Bitung. 3. It was not able to improve the progress of the fishing company in the city of Bitung in general and in particular. 1. moratorium greatly affect the fishing company therefore Policy Minister about the moratorium should be revoked. 2. This study still needs further research is therefore suggested that interested readers can conduct advanced research.Keywords: fisheries, companies, moratorium, conditions