Sustainable Construction and Financing—Asset-Backed Securitization of Expressway’s Usufruct with Redeemable Rights

Asset-backed securitization will greatly promote the sustainability of infrastructure construction and financing. However, there are quite limited researches conducted in this field. Given the project characteristics of infrastructure project securities, this paper proposes the issuance steps of redeemable asset-backed notes (ABN) based on the infrastructure project’s usufruct as the basic asset. Taking the expressway franchise as an example, the issuing scale and coupon rate of the redeemable ABN are determined by the expected cash flow of the expressway, the term structure of random interest rates, and the option-adjusted spread (OAS). In addition, this research analyzes the duration, convexity, and OAS.

Water Pollution–Sources, Effects and Control

Water could be a basic asset inside the lives of people World Health Organization each enjoys its utilization and World Health Organization square measure harmed by its abuse and flightiness (flooding, dry spells, saltiness, causticity, and debased quality). Water could be a limited and weak asset. Thus, utilization of polluted water places lives and jobs in peril because of water have no substitute. There square measure numerous ways during which water implied for human utilization will get debased. These grasp squanders from businesses like mining and development, food process, hot squanders from power creating enterprises, household and agrarian squanders and by shifted microbiological operators. These days, water is being refined by differed ways anyway examination is being led to appear for a great deal of dependable and less expensive ways that may cleanse water at a sensible worth.

What is Needed and Prepared to Become a Mathematics Teacher?

The mathematics teacher profession has become a challenging and interesting profession in the era of technological advancement and global competition. The fact that mathematics is difficult is not able to stop interested (students) to become mathematics teachers. This is a basic asset that they have seen the opportunities behind challenges. This article aims to provide an overview of prospective mathematics teacher candidates regarding the opportunities, hopes, demands, and challenges of becoming a mathematics teacher. To accommodate these objectives, the article is divided into three main sections related to the question: Why choose a mathematics education study program? What does it take to be a math teacher? What needs to be prepared to become a mathematics teacher? These three questions are answered in their respective sections in the hope that they can give an idea of ??what needs to be done, what has been done, and how the students of mathematics teacher candidates follow the lectures.

Towards Digital Transformation with 5G Technology

This paper presents a short review of recent research activities on 5G as the next generation of wireless technology, the requirements they are facing, user scenarios, functionalities, and KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) as a measure of assessing the performances of these systems. 5G technology also known as International Mobile Telecommunications 2020, (IMT-2020) will dramatically increase the capabilities of the Internet of Things, Vehicle-to-everything and will pave the way for massive machine-type communications. While it is not yet define how the ultimate 5G design will be, it is possible to identify the most important services, functionality and KPIs that will provide satisfactory solutions to innovative digital business models after 2020. It is expected that 5G standards be in focus of Regulation Agencies, mainly through socio-economic analysis. In emerging markets, socio-economic dimensions of wireless connectivity must be considered carefully since data will be basic asset in digital age. This paper also highlights the importance of changes in mindset of regulation framework in telecommunications sector. Strong understanding of digital transformation is crucial in order to stay competitive in dynamic changes in the future.

Approaches to forecasing option volatility

The article investigates a new approach to the idea of volatility. In spite of the well-known assumption that option volatility in future will be exactly the same as today, the author puts forward a method, which links the change in volatility to change of only one parameter, i.e. the price of basic asset. The idea that the price of basic asset is a ‘guide’ for option volatility does not need any proof, as like terminal contracts options are estimated proceeding from their basic asset. This method can help estimate future volatility for one (or even more steps) ahead. Like any other forecast method it builds up the error as the number of steps in the future increases, however the simplicity of its use and low resource-intensiveness make it a worthy alternative to the method accepted now, which shows volatility while presenting prospects of the current option position. To forecast volatility for one step ahead we used the following basic statistic methods and economic models: the method of linear regression, Newton-Rafson method for finding option strikes for the set deltas, the method of spline-interpolation, the model of calculating ‘option smile’ Vanna-Volga.

Fleet Strategies in Business Aviation Segment: Homogeneity Versus Heterogeneity

Compared with many studies focused on business models and strategies of scheduled airlines, the evident research gap exists in the field of strategies in business aviation segment. Business models in business aviation segment are defined entirely according to an ownership status, respectively nature of operation. Complex analysis of business aviation airlines strategies is absent despite the dynamics of the business aviation segment. In our research we have focused on identifying different fleet strategies in business aviation segment since the fleet is the basic asset of an airline. By comparing several fleet aspects of 30 business aviation operators in three world regions we have proved the existence of different fleet strategies in business aviation segment and therefore the need for further and more complex research of business models in the particular segment.

FINANCIAL MARKET SPECULATIVE TRANSACTIONS

The article highlights the transformation of financial market, which determines its insulation as an independent economy sector. The tendency was first analyzed in late XIX century and has been developing since then, resulting in dissociation of real and financial sectors. Due to uncertainty traders lack decision guidelines, as speculative transactions do not imply property management. As a result, their decisions are based on expectations and market value losses any connection to real sector performance. Financial derivatives development through late XX century has brought financial market independence to a new level and inflation of the sector to values, exceeding world GDP. Stock market has provided the basis for property and management separation, and derivatives, in turn, separate returns from property and risk from asset. As risk valuation turns out to be the measure of market expectations, it is sure to affect the basic asset prices even more than underlying real capital. The imbalance is believed to have been one of the determinants of the modern financial and economic crisis. Financial market has evidently transformed to a casino to a greater extent, than Keynes identified.