Statistical Model of a Thin Film Formation

This paper presents a model of a thin film formation process of an amorphous alloy as a sequential procedure when a conditional unit of substance is randomly thrown onto a substrate at each next step. The islands of a precipitant are generated on the substrate with an increase of number of steps (density defects of substance). We determine the probability distribution of an island area, which shows the maximum informational entropy. An algorithm for computing estimates of parameters of this distribution is obtained. The results of processing experimental data are presented. We demonstrate that the proposed distribution is more consistent with the experimental data than the Pareto distribution.

WORD-IMAGE INTEGRATIVE DESCRIPTION MODEL

Modern linguistics is increasingly striving to become explanatory, i.e. explaining the functioning of the language as a means of “externalization” of thinking and access to human consciousness, considering speech activity as a specific cognitive process. Agreeing with E. S. Kubryakova’s point of view, who admits that through the word one can go “to various structures of knowledge, both verbalized and nonverbalized” [Kubryakova, 2004, p. 389], we propose in this article a model of an integrative description of a word-image based on an integral approach to the meaning of the word (among supporters of this concept are A. I. Smirnitsky, D. P. Gorsky, L. Ya. Reznikov, T. P. Lomtev, A. A. Leontiev, A. A. Zalevskaya, O. S. Akhmanova, L. S. Vygotsky, M. Ya. Rosenfeld, I. A. Sternin, etc.), the methodology for lexicographic description of stereotypical images (V. V. Krasnykh ), as well as practice in the field of lexicographic portraiture (Yu. D. Apresyan). The word-image in this article refers to a conditional unit that reflects national and cultural ideas about an object or phenomenon by the unity of a sound plus graphic expression and a semantic universal that exists in the minds of native speakers in the form of an image of a reality fragment. The model of an integrative description of a word-image represents a comprehensive description of each lexical-semantic variant (LSV) of a word in a fairly wide range of linguistic rules, including etymological, semantic, morphological, compatibility, phraseological, in conjunction with linguistic and cultural information about stereotypical images denoted by the LSV of a word.

Імуногістохімічна характеристика субпопуляцій лімфоцитів селезінки голубів та курей

<p>The article is devoted to the study of immunohistochemical features of the spleen of birds based on the detection and morphometric calculation of clusters of the T- and B-lymphocytes. For the research, the selection of the spleen is performed at the stage of morphofunctional maturity in clinically healthy sexually mature birds of both sexes in the ratio 1: 1: blue pigeons (age 10-14 months), chickens of domestic breeds of Poltava clay (age 19-20 weeks). The slices of material are fixed in 10-12% chilled solution of neutral formalin, embedded in paraffin. Histological sections made on a microtome MS-2 and have a thickness not exceeding 5 micrometres. The mouse monoclonal antibodies of the Danish firm DAKO are used to detect and study subpopulations of lymphocytes. Morphometric studies are performed under light microscopy (Microscope Biolam-Lomo and Micros MC-50). The microphotography of histological preparations was carried out with CAM V 200 video camera. It is mounted on a microscope Micros MC-50. Subpopulations of lymphocytes CD4 +, CD8 +, СD19 +, СD20 + were detected in the red and white pulp of the spleen of pigeons and chickens, they are situated singly and diffusely, more often formed chains or aggregations. The CD4 + cells in pigeons and chickens are dominated in lymphoid sheaths near the vessels, amounted the 56.63 ± 4.03 pieces per conditional unit of area and 85.71 ± 6.09 pieces per conditional unit of area respectively. The populations of CD8 + cells are also predominated in lymphoid sheaths near the vessels, but their number was smaller than the CD4+ population by 1.81 times in chickens and by 2.36 times in pigeons. In the red pulp, CD4 + cells are occupied 7.67% of the total population of the splenic cells in chickens and 5.99% in pigeons. The CD8 + cell in the red pulp are less concentrated: 2,8% and 4,45% respectively. The index of immunoregulation of the spleen of chickens was 1.85, and the pigeons – 2.0. B-lymphocytes (cluster CD19 +, CD20 +) are concentrated in the B-dependent zone of the spleen – the lymphoid nodules. Most of the CD20 + cells are in lymphoid nodules of chickens (77.27%), in pigeons this indicator is 61.66%. Cells of CD19 + in lymphoid nodes are occupied approximately the same relative square of pigeons and chickens from their total amount in the pulp – 74.14% and 76.60%. The total number of T-lymphocytes (the population of CD4 +, CD8 +) are prevailed almost by two times in chickens, B-lymphocytes (populations CD19 +, CD20 +) in pigeons – by 1,6 times. In the spleen of pigeons and chickens are developed both humoral and cellular immune protection.</p>