Defect Properties and Lithium Incorporation in Li2ZrO3

Lithium zirconate is a candidate material in the design of electrochemical devices and tritium breeding blankets. Here we employ an atomistic simulation based on the classical pair-wise potentials to examine the defect energetics, diffusion of Li-ions, and solution of dopants. The Li-Frenkel is the lowest defect energy process. The Li-Zr anti-site defect cluster energy is slightly higher than the Li-Frenkel. The Li-ion diffuses along the c axis with an activation energy of 0.55 eV agreeing with experimental values. The most favorable isovalent dopants on the Li and Zr sites were Na and Ti respectively. The formation of additional Li in this material can be processed by doping of Ga on the Zr site. Incorporation of Li was studied using density functional theory simulation. Li incorporation is exoergic with respect to isolated gas phase Li. Furthermore, the semiconducting nature of LZO turns metallic upon Li incorporation.

Degeneracy Effects of Energy loss Straggling of Homo and Hetero Di-Cluster Ions

The energy loss straggling is obtained from an exact quantum mechanical evaluation, which takes into account the degeneracy of the target plasma, and later it is compared with common classical and degeneracy approximation as a function of incident Homo (H-H, He-He) and Hetero (He-H) di-cluster energy in Kev with different kinds of plasma target. For homonuclear di-clusters (H-H) and (He-He) decreasing temperature, the exact calculation approaches the high degeneracy limit, but the differences are still significant. However, as the temperature rises, the exact result approaches the classical limit. Finally, the energy loss straggling increases with the increasing atomic number of the projectiles (He-He). Our research focuses on targets in the weakly coupled electron gas limit, where we can use the random phase approximation (RPA). This kind of plasma has not been widely researched, considering the fact that it is essential for inertial confinement fusion (ICF).

Evolutionary game–based trajectory design algorithm for mobile sink in wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks, if sink node is stationary, the nodes close to sink will deplete energy faster than those in other areas. The unbalanced energy consumption among the nodes will lead to the energy hole problem, which shortens the network lifetime. To solve the problem, evolutionary game–based trajectory design algorithm for mobile sink in wireless sensor networks is proposed in this article. In evolutionary game model, the average residual energy of each cluster, average intra-cluster energy consumption, and average inter-cluster energy consumption are used to design utility function. The sink will select the cluster with more utility value as its new location and move to the cluster head which has the largest residual energy and the shortest distance to other cluster heads. The simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively balance network load, reduce network energy consumption, prolong the network lifetime, and increase the number of data packets that sink receives.

Energy Management in Welding Intensive Industrial Cluster: Energy Saving opportunity

The reported research explains energy saving opportunity in welding process dominated industry carried out for different small and medium scale enterprises that produce components for agricultural applications. The study concentrates the energy audit on the agricultural implements and tractor trailer industries as the agriculture is the main occupation of India. A total number of 15 small and medium scale industries are considered for the energy audit. The investigations revealed welding operation as a major energy consumer in agriculture implement industries contributing to about 84% of the total energy consumption. The welding machine efficiency varies from 35% to 50% in the considered industrial clusters. Based on the results it is suggested that the energy saving can be increased by 40% - 45% by adoption of inverter arc welding technology.