EVALUATION OF LINEAR GROWTH INDICATORS OF RIVER PERCH (PERCA FLUVIATILIS L.) IN THE KUIBYSHEV RESERVOIR

This article analyzes the rate of linear growth of river perch from different ples of the Kuibyshev reservoir, and considers the possibility of identifying ecological forms of this species based on data on the growth rate. The dependence between the growth rate of fish and the hydrological characteristics of the studied areas of the reservoir is revealed. The linear growth rate of male and female river perch was compared, and sexual differences in growth were found. The rate of linear growth of perch in modern conditions of the Kuibyshev reservoir is compared with the results of other researchers.

UNSUR EKOLOGI DALAM PERIBAHASA BANJAR ( ECOLOGY ELEMENTS IN BANJARESE PROVERBS)

Ecology Elements in the Banjarese Proverbs. This research is motivated by the researcher's interest in preserving the Banjarese proverbs which is now starting to fade in its meaning due to ignorance of the ecological forms of flora, fauna, and culture which are used as a kias word in Banjarese proverbs. This study aims to describe (1) the ecological form of flora in the Banjarese proverbs (2) the ecological form of fauna in the Banjarese proverbs (3) The form of cultural ecology in the Banjarese proverbs. Sources of data are obtained from books and informants. The book used as a data source is a collection of Banjarese proverbs by Aliansyah Jumbawuya. The results of this study found that of the three classifications there were even more specific classifications, namely, (1) the Banjarese proverbs ecological flora consisting of vegetables, fruits, and wild plants, (2) Banjarese proverbs ecology fauna consisting of fauna habitat in land and water, and (3) the Banjarese proverbs of cultural ecology consists of three categories, namely home architecture, tools and living equipment, and systems of thought. Key words: ecology, oral tradition, Banjarese proverb Abstrak Unsur Ekologi Sastra dalam Paribasa Banjar. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh ketertarikan peneliti untuk melestarikan peribahasa Banjar yang sekarang mulai kabur dalam pemaknaannya akibat ketidaktahuan akan wujud ekologi flora, fauna, dan budaya yang dijadikan kata kias dalam peribahasa Banjar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan (1) Wujud ekologi flora dalam peribahasa Banjar (2) Wujud ekologi fauna dalam peribahasa Banjar (3) Wujud ekologi budaya dalam peribahasa Banjar. Sumber data didapat dari buku dan informan. Adapun buku yang dijadikan sumber data adalah kumpulan peribahasa Banjar karya Aliansyah Jumbawuya. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan dari tiga klasifikasi tersebut di dapat penggolongan yang lebih spesifik lagi yakni, (1) peribahasa Banjar ekologi flora terdiri dari sayur-sayuran, buah-buahan, dan tanaman liar, (2) peribahasa Banjar ekologi fauna terdiri dari fauna habitat di darat dan di air, dan (3) peribahasa Banjar ekologi budaya terdiri dari tiga kategori yakni arsitektur rumah, peralatan dan perlengkapan hidup, dan sistem berpikir. Kata-kata kunci: unsur ekologi, tradisi lisan, paribasa Banjar

Biology and fishery of pond smelt Hypomesus olidus in the Amur River basin

In the Amur River, there are two ecological forms of pond smelt Hypomesus olidus: anadromous and freshwater. Generalized information about biology and fishery of the anadromous form of pond smelt is presented. The smelt migrate to the Amur for spawning in winter and spring, and for wintering in autumn. The most remote point of their spawning migration is Bolbinsky cliff (375 km from the mouth). The spawning herd is represented by three age groups: 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old fish; the two-year-old fish are the most numerous. The sex ratio of spawning smelt is close to 1 : 1, though females prevail slightly. Body length of the pubescent fish ranges from year to year from 7.6 to 13.2 cm, body weight — from 3.05 to 16.04 g; females are slightly larger than males. Absolute fecundity of pond smelt ranges from 0.7 to 12.4 thousand eggs, relative fecundity — from 199 to 1287 eggs/g. During migration to the spawning grounds, the smelt practically do not feed, but they go to active feeding after spawning. Pond smelt is a popular object of fishery in the Amur basin: on average 1569.2 t were caught annually in 2010–2019, during the spawning migration, mainly in the lower Amur River between Nikolayevsk-on-Amur and Bogorodskoe.

L’impérialisme écologique ou la recolonisation par l’agriculture industrielle: Une lecture de La Banane de Franck Bieleu

This article studies The Big Banana, a film by Cameroonian director Franck Bieleu, which shows how the intrusion of a cash crop such as bananas in a local environment brings about several ecological transformations with important sociocultural and ethical ramifications. Using concepts from ecocriticism to analyse the narrative structures of the film, the article explains how the Njombé Penja banana plantation (PHP), construed as a replica of the colonial model of production and spatial organization, leaves the local populations with a strong feeling of dispossession and alienation. It concludes that geographical and ecological forms of imperialism contributed, alongside sociopolitical issues, to the failure of the post-independence African utopia.

The importance of aquatic plants in maintaining zooplankton diversity and abundance: An experimental approach

The influence of different species and ecological forms of higher aquatic plants on the abundance, biomass and species diversity of zooplankton was investigated in experimental ecosystems (microcosms). It was shown that in the absence of fish and macroinvertebrate predators, the abundance and diversity of zooplankton in the plants beds increased. Not only phytophilous, littoral, and small planktonic crustaceans, but also some large obligate planktonic crustaceans, reached a high abundance among the plants. Plants belonging to different ecological groups stimulated an increase in the abundance of different groups of zooplankton. In the beds of submerged plants, the number of Cladocera increased to a greater extent than Copepoda or Rotifera. The abundance of Copepoda, both Cyclopoida and Calanoida, grew in the beds of helophytes. The relative number of predators in the community increased among the plants. The species structure and quantitative parameters of zooplankton had their own characteristics in monospecies and mixed phytocenoses of the same plant species. The index of species diversity of zooplankton acquired the highest values in the mixed phytocenosis. Higher aquatic plants increase spatial heterogeneity, which stimulates the development of facultative planktonic and benthic species. The formation of phytogenic detritus and the lifetime release of organic substances by plants into the water causes the development of bacteria and protozoa, which expands the quality and size range of food organisms for zooplankton. Therefore, zooplankton becomes more diverse in terms of the set of trophic groups.

Morphological and Genetic Variability of the Mass Whitefish Forms in Lake Onega

In Lake Onega, the whitefish Coregonus lavaretus has been shown to occur as a variety of forms. Medium- and sparsely-ranked whitefish are most abundant. Analysis of available data indicates that whitefish populations from Karelia’s large lakes display the maximum values of various genetic variability indices. This fact seems to be due to the history of the colonization of the lake by the discrete evolutionary whitefish lineages from various Late Quaternary habitats followed by their hybridization. A great variety of Onega whitefish haplotypes is probably related to the genetic heterogeneity of the whitefish who until recently had occurred as five ecological forms ranking as subspecies. The median network obtained suggests that many of the populations studied have become less abundant. The well-defined “star-like” network structure is characteristic of populations that passed through a narrow “bottleneck” in the near past and then expanded rapidly, as indicated by the abundance of rare haplotype varieties. It seems that the retreat of the Scandinavian glacier was not a momentary event but took a long time during which the populations formed were subjected to demographic transformations.

Ecological Messages In The Ramayana Story Of The Wayang Purwa Shadow-Puppet Play

The aim of this research is to describe ecological messages in the Ramayana story of the wayang purwa shadow-puppet play. As a qualitative research, it used descriptive analysis techniques and ecology studies based on data derived from ecological content in the Ramayana story. Results from the analysis show that several ecological forms in the Ramayana story can be described and viewed from the interactions between characters in the story and fellow human beings, water, land, fire, air, plants and animals. These interactions point to a reciprocal relationship between living things and the environment. The results of this study enrich the treasure of knowledge in the field of literature and provide a picture for communities about the relationship between living things and the environment, which should be aligned with guidance within Javanese society. Through this research, communities are invited to respect each other’s existence and living things in their surroundings. This is because everything in the world is believed to have its respective strengths and benefits.

Ontogenesis of the genets and ramets of some European species of the genus Sparganium subgenus Xanthosparganium

Representatives of the Sparganium L. genus belong to an ecological group of short grass helophytes which live in the shoreline area of different water bodies. Despite the fact that most representatives of the genus exhibit notable polymorphism (depending on the level regime of a water body, they can form various ecological forms), characteristic of all of them is presence of only one living form – vegetative mobile clear polycentric long-rhizomatous pseudoannual polycarpic plant with racemose root system. The objective of the article was to study the ontogenesis of genets and ramets on the example of representatives of the Xanthosparganium subgenus (S. emersum Rehm., S. glomeratum (Laest. ex Beurl.) Neum., S. gramineum Georgi and S. natans L.). The research was conducted using the ontogenetic approach. In the study, we analyzed ontogenesis of genet (from generative diaspore) and ontogenesis of ramets (from vegetative diaspores – tuber-like structures and axillary buds of vegetative-generative monocarpic and vegetative rosette shoots). We demonstrated that ontogenesis of genets and ramets (on the basis of tuber-like structures) in laboratory conditions is abrupt. It was found that the model species of Sparganium are characteristic in combining of incomplete and special ontogenesis, which is related to the omission of phases of the post-generative period. Such peculiarity is conditioned by increase in tempi of ontogenetic development. On the basis of specific ontogenesis, a variant of shortened ontogenesis is possible, during which the virginile ontogenetic condition is omitted. This feature could be characterized as dynamic polyvariance of ontogenesis, whereas bud initiation and development of shoots throughout the vegetative season, characterized as heterochrony, has been formed over the process of natural selection. Heterochrony (on the basis of iterative branching without periods of rest) includes a property of formation of vegetative-generative shoots which develop on the basis of sylleptic shoots of subsequent orders of branching. The main course of ontogenesis in natural conditions corresponds to D-type which occurs in order of generations of individuals of vegetative origin.