THE SPREAD OF SHEEP FLUKES ON THE ECOLOGICALY DIFFERENT TYPES OF PASTURES IN THE DAGESTAN LOWLAND

The trematodeses (fascioliasis, dicrocoeliosis, paramphistomatosis) are widespread helminthes of sheep. Animals are infected with pathogens of these helminthes on pastures and near water sources. It is established that these trematodoses are common among sheep with different intensity on ecologically different types of pastures of the Dagestan lowland. So, fascioliasis is recorded among sheep on wet lowland with many waterholes, as well as on steppe ecosystems with irrigation and near permanently functioning artesian wells with wetlands with developed freshwater malacofauna. Paramphistomatosis occur in habitats with permanent water sources with the fauna of freshwater mollusks of the family Planorbidae. Dictyocaulosis among sheep is observed in the dry steppe territories with an abundance of land mollusks and ants. Sheep were infected with fascioles in the Dagestan lowlands with an invasion extensity (IE) of 10.0–26.6%, with an invasion intensity (II) of 5–216 copies, with paramphistomum and calicoforum 3.0–15.8% and 4–140 copies, with dicrocelium 18,0–76,6% and 120–2670 copies, respectively. Mixed infestations of trematodoses, strongylatoses, and larval teniidoses are recorded in the interfluve area of Sulak, Terek, Talovka, and Kuma, as well as near the Arakum, Lower Terek, and Shirokolsky reservoirs.

ECOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSKS OF THE INTERMEDIATE HOST PROTOSTRONGYLUS SPP.

This paper presents the results of studies of the population of land mollusks of different biotopes, depending on the relief features of the area and the infestation of mollusks with larvae of pulmonary nematodes. The infestation of mollusks with Protostrongylidae larvae in the steppe zone was only 338, including 160 mollusks with Protostrongylus spp. (13.3%) from the number of 1200 mollusks studied. The number of infected mollusks with Protostrongylidae larvae in areas around water bodies was only 535 specimens, including 192 specimens with Protostrongylus spp. larvae (16.3%), in woodlands this figure was 350 specimens with Protostrongylidae larvae, including 130 with Protostrongylus spp. larvae (13.0%). In lowland meadows was 400 copies of mollusks with Protostrongylidae larvae, and 180 copies with Protostrongylus spp. larvae (13.8%). A high percentage of shellfish infected with the larvae of Protostrongylus spp. set in rural pastures 440 (21.0%). A relatively high percentage of infestation in mollusks in areas around reservoirs is 5 specimens per 1 mollusk. The intensity of invasion (II) is the highest in mollusks uncovered in presell pastures and amounted to 9 larval specimens; the lowest intensity of invasion in woodland mollusks is 1 specimen per 1 mollusk.

FORMATION OF BIODIVERSITY OF PARASITE FAUNA IN CONDITIONS OF FOOTHILLS ECOSYSTEM OF RAZDAN-MARMARIK REGION OF ARMENIA

The fauna of parasites of domestic animals (cows, sheep, rabbits, hens), ixodes ticks, as well as paths of circulation of some biohelminths in conditions of foothills ecosystem of Razdan-Marmarik region of Armenia have been studied. It's been found that fauna of animal parasites in the region consists of 33 species, including 17 species of helminths: 2 trematodes (Dicrocoelim lanceatum, Fasciola hepatica); 4 cestodes (Moniezia expansa, M. benedeni, Echinococcus granulosus larvae, Cysticercus taenicollis); 11 nematodes (Chabertia ovina, Haemonchus contortus, Nematodirus spathiger, Trichocephalus ovis, Dictyocaulus filaria, Cystocaulus nigrescens, Muellerius capillaries, Protostrongylus sp., Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, Passalurus ambigus); 3 species of blood parasites (Piroplasma bigeminum, P. ovis and Theileria ovis); 8 species of Protistae (Eimeria tenella, E. maxima, E. acervulina, E. irresidua, E. media, E. magna, E. perforans and E. exigua) and 4 species of ticks (Hyalomma sp., Rhipicephalus bursa, Boophilus calcaratus, Dermacentor marginatum). Fauna of land mollusks is able to be intermediate hosts of Dicrocoelim and Protostrongylushelminths includes the single species Napaeopsis hohenackeri while freshwater mollusks include Lymmnaea truncatula and Planorbis planorbis, with L. truncatulaable to be an intermediate host of trematode Fasciola hepatica