Preferential Treatment as a Tool for Managing the Coastal Area Sustainable Development: The Case of the Vladivostok Free Port

With the adoption of the sustainable development goals (SDGs), the world has recognized the need to move to responsible governance in many areas of life, including seaports, which are at the forefront of economic activity and environmental safety. The present paper examines the challenges and opportunities associated with the implementation of sustainable development principles under the free port scheme. The authors analyzed the Russian Audit Chamber report on the activities of the free port of Vladivostok and compared it with the pioneer experience of the sustainable development of the port of Antwerp. The results show that focusing only on the economic and social objectives of preferential treatment is not sufficient for the effective management of coastal areas, such as ports. To improve management efficiency and fully integrate the coastal area with preferential treatment in the world economic relations, the authors consider it necessary to ensure commitment to the goals of sustainable development and propose a model for the implementation of the sustainable development principles, as exemplified by the free port of Vladivostok.

INFLUENCE OF PREFERENTIAL REGIME ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY OF THE VLADIVOSTOK CITY DISTRICT

In this article authors made an attempt to estimate extent of influence of the preferential modes on change of economic parameters of social and economic development of the Vladivostok city district and Primorsky Krai during implementation of the federal laws "About the Free Port of Vladivostok" and "About Territories of Social and Economic Development", including, and in aspect of development of the Vladivostok agglomeration. On the basis of the carried-out analysis of separate socio-economic indexes authors made an attempt to define social and budgetary effects and also to reveal their cost efficiency. In a research indicators of a temporary row until entry into force of above-mentioned laws and during their realization are used. On the basis of the carried-out analysis of the register of residents of SPV presented on the website of Corporation on development of the Far East the attempt to determine the main priority directions in economy chosen, and quality of main types of economic activity, by the economic entities which received the status of residents was made. Also, conclusions are drawn on imperfection of mechanisms of assessment of efficiency of the operating modes, owing to lack of a uniform system of measurement of effectiveness of the implemented projects as investors, without the status of residents, and residents of the free port of Vladivostok and residents of TOSER.

Legal collisions for establishing tax benefits on land tax (the example of the Free port of Vladivostok)

The subject. The analysis of the establishment of land tax benefits for residents of the Free Port of Vladivostok by municipalities is carried out.The purpose of the article is to determine the feasibility of establishing land tax benefits for residents of the Free Port of Vladivostok (FPV) by the municipalities themselves or to confirm the need for federal regulation of the establishment of such benefits by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.The methodology of the study includes the analysis of municipal legal acts on the establishment of land taxes in municipalities that are parts of the FPV.The main results and scope of their application. Due to the limitation of powers of municipalities located in territories with special legal status, one of the powers that such municipalities exercise is the establishment of local taxes and fees, as well as local tax benefits for residents of such territories. In most cases, such benefits provided at the federal level, so municipalities only “exercise the will” of the federal legislator by imposing a local tax on their territory. Due to the absence of federal regulation, tax benefits on local taxes will be established at the discretion of local authorities, which may lead to competition and unequal economic conditions for residents. So, for residents of the Free Port of Vladivostok (which includes 22 municipalities located in five constituent entities of the Russian Federation) in the absence of federal regulation, the municipal entities themselves will establish land tax benefits, which in practice leads to differentiation in the payment of land tax in the territory of the Free Port of Vladivostok. All municipalities that are parts of the FPV are divided into three groups: 1) a land tax exemption has been established in the municipalities of the first group; 2) the municipalities of the second group has not established a land tax benefit; 3) the municipalities of the third group have a zero land tax rate. It is necessary to establish a common list of benefits on the territory of the FPV by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation with the possibility of expanding such benefits at the regional and municipal levels, taking into account local characteristics.Conclusions. Municipalities establish the land tax benefits in different ways, and such situation leads to an unequal economic situation for residents of FPV. In order to remove competition between municipalities and due to the significance of the goals that the state sets for itself, creating territories with special economic status, it seems necessary to establish a typical list of benefits on such territories at the federal level by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation with the possibility of expanding such benefits at regional and municipal level according to local circumstances.

Territories of Advanced Development and the Free Port of Vladivostok As a Tools for Implementing Regional Policy in the Khabarovsk Territory

The modern regional policy of Russia is based on the ideas of F. Perroux on the heterogeneity of regional development and the concentration of economic growth at local points. In the Khabarovsk Territory, the problem is reflected in the development of territories of advanced development (TASED) and the free port of Vladivostok (FPV). The paper attempts to analyze the problems and substantiate proposals for improving the efficiency of TASED and FPV in the Khabarovsk Territory

ТИХООКЕАНСКАЯ РОССИЯ В ФОКУСЕ ПОЛИТИКИ СЕУЛА НА РУБЕЖЕ XX–XXI ВВ.

Рассматриваются исторические этапы сближения двух стран, установление дипломатических отношений между Республикой Корея и СССР, формирование определённой политики Республики Корея по отношению к Дальнему Востоку России. Авторы приводят примеры сотрудничества, такие как строительство корейско-российского промышленного комплекса в свободной экономической зоне «Находка», расширение инвестиций в рыбный и сельскохозяйственный секторы, использование передовых технологий на Дальнем Востоке и в Сибири и др. Подчёркивается значимость тесной связи корейского порта Пусан и российского порта Владивосток в успешном развитии торгово-экономических отношений двух стран. Приводится мнение Комитета экономического сотрудничества по северному направлению при президенте Кореи о том, что 2020 г. станет Годом активного со-трудничества по северному направлению, если сконцентрировать все возможности для достижения целей «Новой северной политики» по формированию механизма будущего роста, а также по созданию основы для объединения двух Корей. Ключевые слова: дипломатические отношения, политика мирного сосущест-вования, взаимодополняющие потенциалы двух стран, расширение торгово-экономического и культурного сотрудничества, отношения взаимного доверия и всестороннего партнёрства, создание новых рынков и новых рабочих мест, порт Пусан, порт Владивосток. The historical stages of the rapprochement of the two countries, the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the USSR, the formation of a certain policy of the Republic of Korea in relation to the Russian Far East are examined. The authors give examples of successful cooperation: the construction of the Korean-Russian industrial complex in the Nakhodka Free Economic Zone, the expansion of investments in the fishing and agricultural sectors, advanced technologies in the Far East and Siberia, etc. The importance of the close connection of the Korean port of Busan and the Russian port of Vladivostok is emphasized. Vladivostok in the successful development of trade and economic relations between the two countries. The opinion of the Presidential Committee on Northern Economic Cooperation is suggested that 2020 will be the Year of the New Northern Cooperation, if we concentrate all the possibilities to achieve the goals of the “New Northern Policy” to create engines of future growth, as well as create the basis for the unification of the two Koreas. Keywords: diplomatic relations, the policy of peaceful coexistence, complementary potentials of the two countries, the expansion of trade, economic and cultural cooperation, relations of mutual trust and comprehensive partnership, the creation of new markets and new jobs, the port of Busan, the port of Vladivostok.

Отдельные особенности правового режима свободного порта Владивосток и территорий опережающего социально-экономического развития для иностранных инвесторов

Статья посвящена вопросам исследования отдельных особенностей правового регулирования функционирования Свободного порта Владивосток и территорий опережающего социально-экономического развития путем создания благоприятных условий для иностранных инвесторов, вкладывающих свои или заемные средства в ведение предпринимательской деятельности в пределах данных особых зон. Авторы исследуют нормативную базу регулирования деятельности резидентов указанных территориальных зон, а также проводят анализ факторов, препятствующих повышению активности зарубежных инвесторов по осуществлению финансирования российской экономики и развитию Дальнего Востока. Так, в первую очередь проводится анализ истории нормативного регулирования вопроса привлечения иностранных инвестиций в российскую экономику. Первый законодательный акт в данной области в современной истории был принят ещё во время существования СССР. В дальнейшем нормативная база, касающаяся данного вопроса, продолжала расширяться и совершенствоваться. Исследование касается вопроса льготного порядка создания в пределах вышеуказанных зон объектов инфраструктуры, предназначенных для обеспечения деятельности иностранных инвесторов. В частности, проводится анализ нормативного регулирования, устраняющего избыточное административное регулирование и ускоряющего процесс получения необходимых согласований. Кроме того, рассматривается вопрос преференций при предоставлении земельных участков резидентам, в том числе участков, относящихся к лесному фонду. В ходе исследования поднимается тема недостаточного регулирования порядка предоставления земельных участков, отнесённых к ведению Министерства обороны Российской Федерации. Далее исследуется тема обеспечения резидентов с иностранным участием рабочей силой. В этой связи анализируются порядок привлечения иностранной рабочей силы и соотношение данного льготного порядка с привлечением местных работников. Исследование включает также анализ нормативного регулирования материального обеспечения деятельности резидентов с иностранным участием, а именно – порядка таможенного регулирования поставок товаров и материалов из-за рубежа. Рассматривается вопрос предварительной подачи документов для таможенного оформления ввозимых резидентом материалов. Такой порядок упрощает и ускоряет дальнейшее использование ввезенных товаров. По результатам проведённого исследования делается вывод о том, насколько успешно действующее правовое регулирование в указанной сфере выполняет функцию по привлечению иностранного капитала. Ключевые слова: иностранные инвестиции, Свободный порт Владивосток, территория опережающего социально-экономического развития, развитие Дальнего Востока, резидент, преференции, льготы, развитие инфраструктуры, предоставление земельных участков, снижение административного барьера, привлечение иностранных работников, рабочая сила, таможенное регулирование, земли лесного фонда, Приморский край, Дальний Восток, Российская Федерация. Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of certain peculiarities of legal regulation of the functioning of the Free Port of Vladivostok and advanced special economic zones by creating favorable conditions for foreign investors who invest their own or borrowed fundsin running business within these special zones. The authors examine the legal framework for regulating the activities of residents of these territorial zones, and also analyze factors that impede the increase in the activity of foreign investors in financing the Russian economy and the development of the Far East. First of all, an analysis is made of the history of legal regulation of the issue of attracting foreign investment in the Russian economy. The first legislative act in this area in modern history was adopted during the existence of the USSR. In the future, the legal framework relating to this issue continued to expand and improve. The study addresses the issue of a preferential procedure for creating infrastructure facilities within the above-mentioned zones intended to support the activities of foreign investors. In particular, the analysis of legal regulation is carried out, eliminating excessive administrative regulation and accelerating the process of obtaining the necessary approvals. In addition, the issue of preference when providing land to residents, including plots related to the forest fund, is being considered. The study raises the topic of inadequate regulation of the procedure for the provision of land allocated to the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Further, the topic of providing residents with foreign participation with work force is investigated. In this regard, the procedure for acceptance of foreign work force and the correlation of this preferential procedure with the involvement of local workers is analyzed. The study also concerns the normative regulation of the material support of the activities of residents with foreign participation, namely, the procedure for customs regulation of deliveries of goods and materials from abroad. The issue of preliminary filing of documents for customs clearance of materials imported by a resident is being considered. Such an order simplifies and speeds up further use of imported goods. Based on the results of the study, a conclusion is drawn on how successful the current legal regulation in this area performs the function of attracting foreign capital. Key words: foreign investment, Free Port of Vladivostok, advanced special economic zone (ASEZ), development of the Far East, resident, preferences, benefits, infrastructure development, provision of land, lowering administrative barriers, acceptance of foreign workers, work force, customs regulation, forest lands, Primorsky Krai, Far East, Russian Federation.

Перспективы развития трансграничных отношений Дальнего Востока России в контексте выдвинутых ведущими странами СВА стратегий международного сотрудничества

В статье исследуются возможности и ограничения, возникающие при попытках сопряжения выдвинутых в последние годы ведущими странами Северо-Восточной Азии (Китаем, Японией и РК) стратегий международного сотрудничества со стратегическими инициативами и планами российского руководства по ускоренному развитию Российского Дальнего Востока (РДВ). В этих целях проанализировано участие иностранных партнеров в бизнес-проектах на РДВ, в том числе с опорой на создаваемый комплекс преференциальных режимов для инвесторов, в первую очередь, таких, как территории опережающего развития (ТОР) и Свободный порт Владивосток (СВП). Особое внимание при этом уделено анализу влияния геополитической останов- ки в мире и регионе на принятие странами СВА решений по участию или неучастию в предлагаемых Россией проектах международного сотрудничества на РДВ. Методиче- ской основой работы стало изучение выступлений лидеров стран СВА, в том числе на Восточном экономическом форуме, статических материалов и научных исследований по данной тематике, и их анализ с опорой на актуальные для региона СВА теории международных отношений. The article examines the possibilities and limitations that arise when trying to match the strategies of international cooperation put forward in recent years by the leading countries of Northeast Asia (China, Japan and the Republic of Korea) with the strategic initiatives and plans of the Russian leadership for the accelerated development of the Russian Far East (RFE). To this end, the participation of foreign partners in business projects on the Russian Far East was analyzed, including with reliance on the created complex of preferential regimes for investors, first of all, such as priority development territories (PDT) and the Free Port of Vladivostok (FPV). Special attention is paid to the analysis of the influence of the geopolitical situation in the world and the region on the adoption by the NEA countries of decisions on participation or non-participation in the projects of international cooperation proposed by Russia on the RFE. The methodological basis of the work was the study of the speeches of the leaders of the NEA countries, including at the Eastern Economic Forum, statistical materials and scientific research on this topic, and their analysis based on the theories of international relations that are relevant for the NEA region.