Acidosis Frequency in Children of Pediatric Acute Diarrhea

Objectives: To Found out the frequency of aidosis in patients of paediatric accute diarrhea. Methods: Two hundred and eighty children fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria admitted in Department of Paediatrics, Services Hospital, Lahore was taken. Informed consent of the parents of children was obtained to include their data in the study. Every children with acute diarrhea was followed through 1-2cc arterial sample sent to the hospital laboratory of the hospital. Results: out of the total 280 patients, 83(29.5%) had acid base abnormality and 197(70.5%) had normal acid base imbalance. Out of 83(29.5%) patients who had acid base abnormality 50(17.5%) males and 22(8%) females had acidosis while only 8(3%) males and 3(1%) females had alkalosis. Conclusion: Acidosis is the most common abnormalities. Its incidence increase with increase in duration of diarrhea. Key Words: Acidosis, paediatric acute diarrhea How to Cite: Zain-ul-Abadin M, Zaheer A, Tariq S, Ans M, Mehmood K, Farooq M. Acidosis Frequency in Children of Pediatric Acute Diarrhea. Esculapio.2020;16(04):14-17.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CAPILLARY BLOOD GASES AS WITH ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES IN PATIENTS OF COPD WITH ACUTE EXACERBATION PRESENTING TO EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between selected variables of capillary blood gas (CBG) and Arterial blood gas (ABG)values for assessing values of pH, bicarbonate (HCO3), partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD presenting to the Emergency department of Peerless hospital. Our study on reliability of CBG over ABG is aimed to make blood gas analysis easier, quicker, less painful and equally reliable. Settings And Design: This was a prospective observational study carried out in a tertiary care centre in Kolkata. Materials And Methods: This study was carried out in Peerless hospital and B.K.Roy Research Centre, Kolkata over a period of 1 year. Total of 90 patients who presented to Emergency department with acute exacerbation of COPD patients were included in the study. Informed consent was taken from all the patients recruited in this study. The blood samples were drawn simultaneously from the radial artery by an arterial puncture into a heparinized syringe and the fingertip by a finger prick into a capillary tube of every patient participating in the study. Initially, capillary sample was collected and immediately after that, an arterial sample was taken from the radial artery in order to assess the agreement between the capillary and arterial samples. These samples obtained were analysed immediately by the blood gas analyser (AVL Compact 3, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) of the Emergency Department for values of acid-base and oxygenation: pH, PO2, PCO2and HCO3 values. Blood gases were obtained only if the patient needed blood gases analysis for clinical decisions. Care was taken to avoid exposing the blood droplet to air, and the arterial sample was continuously turned to avoid clotting. In addition, the measurement of oxygen saturation (SpO2) was also obtained from the finger pulse oximeter in the emergency (Noninvasive pulse oximeter).

Human Kidneys Play an Important Role in the Elimination of Propofol

Background Extrahepatic clearance of propofol has been suggested because its total body clearance exceeds hepatic blood flow. However, it remains uncertain which organs are involved in the extrahepatic clearance of propofol. In vitro studies suggest that the kidneys contribute to the clearance of this drug. The purpose of this study was to confirm whether human kidneys participate in propofol disposition in vivo. Methods Ten patients scheduled to undergo nephrectomy were enrolled in this study. Renal blood flow was measured using para-aminohippurate. Anesthesia was induced with vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg) and propofol (2 mg/kg) and then maintained with nitrous oxide (60%), sevoflurane (1 approximately 2%) in oxygen, and an infusion of propofol (2 mg . kg . h). Radial arterial blood for propofol and para-aminohippurate analysis was collected from a cannula inserted in the radial artery. The renal venous sample and the radial arterial sample were obtained at the same time after the steady state of propofol was established. Results The renal extraction ratio of propofol was 0.58 +/- 0.15 (mean +/- SD). The renal clearance of propofol was 0.41 +/- 0.15 l/min (mean +/- SD), or 27 +/- 9.9% (mean +/- SD) of total body clearance. Conclusion Human kidneys play an important role in the elimination of propofol.

A Modification of the Method for the Measurement of Cerebral Blood Flow Using [14C]Iodoantipyrine in Small Animals

We have modified the method for the measurement of cerebral blood flow using [14C]iodoantipyrine in small animals to overcome problems caused by rapid sequential arterial sampling. A second isotope, gamma-emitting [99mTc]pertechnetate, is infused together with [14C]iodoantipyrine. The 99mTc is counted externally by a detector placed over the chest. The arterial curve for [14C]iodoantipyrine can be reconstructed from a single arterial sample collected from the severed neck and the shape of the 99mTc chest curve. Because of the short half-life of 99mTc (6 h), all 14C measurements, including preparation of autoradiograms, may be made 3 days later.