Low-frequency electromagnetic field and hydrogel to increase survival rate and growth of European spruce (Picea abies L.) seedlings

This paper presents the results of a study that was conducted in the Sergiev Posad forestry of the Moscow region forestry Department with the participation of the laboratory of the Department of Forest crops, breeding and dendrology of the BMSTU (Mytishchi branch). This study shows the technology of planting European (Picea abies L.), seedlings in culture, which can significantly increase the survival rate of experimental samples and improve their biometric characteristics: height, diameter of the root neck, weight, and also the anatomical structure of seedlings. The experiments were performed using a low-frequency generator «Rost-Active», the author’s technology pre-sowing treatment of seeds and seedlings by an electromagnetic field, hydrogel (polymer water-retaining agent) and a method of histometric analysis of cross sections of control and experimental stems of European spruce seedlings. The results of the study indicate a clear positive effect of electromagnetic field and hydrogel on the increase in survival of experimental samples of seedlings of common European spruce in relation to the control. Also, the results of comparative histometric analysis indicate the effectiveness of methods for treating pine seedlings with low-frequency EMF and applying hydrogel to the soil.

Phospholipase D1 and D2 Synergistically Regulate Thrombus Formation

Previously, we reported that phospholipase D1 (PLD1) and PLD2 inhibition by selective PLD1 and PLD2 inhibitors could prevent platelet aggregation in humans, but not in mice. Moreover, only the PLD1 inhibitor, but not PLD2 inhibitor, could effectively prevent thrombus formation in mice, indicating that PLD might play different roles in platelet function in humans and mice. Although PLD1 and PLD2 were reported to be implicated in thrombotic events, the role of PLD in mice remains not completely clear. Here, we investigated the role of PLD1 and PLD2 in acute pulmonary thrombosis and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced brain injury in mice. The data revealed that inhibition of PLD1, but not of PLD2, could partially prevent pulmonary thrombosis-induced death. Moreover, concurrent PLD1 and PLD2 inhibition could considerably increase survival rate. Likewise, inhibition of PLD1, but not PLD2, partially improved ischemic stroke and concurrent inhibition of PLD1, and PLD2 exhibited a relatively better protection against ischemic stroke, as evidenced by the infarct size, brain edema, modified neurological severity score, rotarod test, and the open field test. In conclusion, PLD1 might play a more important role than PLD2, and both PLD1 and PLD2 could act synergistically or have partially redundant functions in regulating thrombosis-relevant events.

Growth Evaluation of Banana cv. Barangan as the Effect of Trichoderma sp. and Covering Types during Acclimatization Process

<p>Acclimatization is one of the important processes in banana micro propagation before plantlets/planting materials are ready to be cultivated in the field. <em>Trichoderma </em>sp. are well known as plant promoter fungi that can promote plant growth and increase survival rate of plantlets. The study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Factorial Design with two factors and four replications. The first factors was covering type i.e. 1) individual covering and 2) mass covering. The second factor was the proportion of <em>Trichoderma</em> addition into manure, namely A) manure without the addition of <em>Trichoderma </em>sp<em>.</em> (control), B) <em>Trichoderma</em> sp<em>.</em> : manure =<em> </em>1 : 400 (w/w), C) <em>Trichoderma </em>sp<em>.</em> : manure = 1 : 800 (w/w) and D) <em>Trichoderma </em>sp<em>.</em> : manure = 1 : 1,200 (w/w). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of <em>Trichoderma</em> sp<em>. </em>applications and covering types in the growth of banana plantlets cv. Barangan during the acclimatization process. The results showed that the best treatment to induce plantlet growth during the acclimatization process was the addition of <em>Trichoderma </em>sp.: manure with 1 : 400 (w/w) proportion and individual covering. The combination of <em>Trichoderma </em>sp<em>.</em> : manure with 1 : 400 (w/w) proportion and individual covering produced plant height and leaf length 8.5 cm and 4.4 cm, respectively, compared to the treatment without <em>Trichoderma </em>sp<em>. </em>addition that produced plantlets with 6.6 cm height and 3.4 cm leaf length. No significant interaction was shown between <em>Trichoderma </em>sp. proportions and covering types on leaf width, the number of leaves and root length parameters.</p>

The Nursery Technique of Juvenile Sandfish, Holothuri scabra

Sea cucumbers are an Indonesian fisheries export commodity. Sea cucumber populations that are endangered in nature encourage sea cucumbers to be produced through hatchery and nursery. Through nursery, it is expected that sea cucumber juveniles are stronger and can increase survival rate when stocked in growth containers or restocked. This study aims to provide better sandfish nursery techniques and local area characteristics to support hatchery activities. This study was conducted in May - July 2018 at the Hatchery CV Pesona Manir Rat, Southeast Maluku Regency. Juvenile sandfish 30-36 days old, rearing in hapa measuring 100 x 100 x 70 cm with a density of 200 individuals/hapa. In one tank rearing is placed one hapa. During rearing, 100-150% of water is changed and given one-liter Navicular sp. every day. Aeration was installed 4 points on each hapa and water quality measurement was conducted every day. At the end of the study, body length measurements and mortality calculations were conducted. The result is that sea cucumber juvenile which is maintained has absolute growth ranging from 1.98 to 2.1 cm with an average absolute growth of 2.03 cm. The average mortality obtained was 53.83% with a range of 53% - 55%. Based on the discussion it was concluded that this technique can be applied in sandfish nursery. ABSTRAKTeripang merupakan komuditi eksport perikanan Indonesia. Populasi teripang yang terancam di alam mendorong teripang harus diproduksi melalui pembenihan dan pendederan. Melalui pendederan diharapakan anakan teripang lebih kuat dan dapat bertahan hidup lebih baik ketika ditebar pada wadah pembesaran atau direstoking. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan informasi teknik pendederan teripang pasir yang lebih baik dan berkarakteristik daerah setempat guna menopang kegiatan pembenihan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei – Juli 2018 di Hatchery CV Pesona Manir Rat, Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara. Juvenil teripang pasir berusia 30 – 36 hari, dipelihara pada hapa berukuran 100 x 100 x 70 cm dengan kepadatan 200 individu / hapa. Pada satu bak pemeliharaan ditempatkan satu buah hapa. Selama pemeliharaan dilakukan pergantian air sebanyak 100 – 150 % dan diberikan satu liter Navicular sp. setiap hari. Aerasi dipasang sebanyak 4 titik pada setiap hapa dan dilakukan pengukuran kualitas air setiap hari. Diakhir penelitian, dilakukan pengukuran panjang tubuh dan perhitungan mortalitas. Hasilnya juvenile teripang yang dipelihara mengalami pertumbuhan mutlak berkisar antara 1,98 – 2,1 cm dengan rata-rata pertumbuhan mutlak sebesar 2,03 cm. Mortalitas rata-rata yang diperoleh sebesar 53, 83 % dengan kisaran 53 % - 55 %. Berdasarkan pembahasan disimpulkan bahwa teknik ini dapat diterapkan dalam pendederan teripang pasir.

Trends in the Uses of Spirulina Microalga: A mini-review

HighlightsTrends in the uses of Spirulina over different decades were critically examinedFindings from surveyed literature indicated that Spirulina utilization was mainly focused on its food and feed potential before the last 20-30 yearsThe review observed that research focused on the health and pharmaceutical uses, biofertilizer, bioplastic, cosmetic, bioenergy and pollution control applications of Spirulina are trends that sprouted out within the last 20-25 years.The review has successfully compiled numerous uses of Spirulina microalga for easy readership by readers since many studies have been performed on the uses Spirulina but reviews of this type spanning through different beneficial aspects of Spirulina are still scarce. Hence, this review fills such gap. AbstractThere is a need to have a single document that summarises the present day uses of Spirulina. In this review, the research trend on the health and other applications of Spirulina microalga was critically evaluated. In terms of the health uses, antioxidant, antibacterial, and immunostimulant effects of Spirulina were emphasized. Other uses of the microalga discussed include the use of Spirulina for human and animal food, bioenergy, pollution and ecotoxicology control, cosmetics, bioplastics and biofertilizers. Literature search revealed that Spirulina polysaccharides, phycocyanin size and content play a role in antioxidant activity and DNA repair. The double bonds and positions of –COOH and –OH in Spirulina phenol content and γ-linolenic fatty acids (γ-LFA) have antimicrobial activity. Some compounds in Spirulina improve immune, increase survival rate and enhance distribution of proteins like hepcidin and TNF-α in animal models. High protein, vitamins, fatty acids (FAs) and glycoproteins in Spirulina are easily digestible due to its lack of cellulose and can improve human and livestock growth. Spirulina produces biodegradable and non-toxic biodiesel and useful co-products. Absorption of heavy metals by chemisorption occurs in Spirulina. Phycocyanin and β-carotene of Spirulina increase skin health, Spirulina also cause high cell proliferation and aids wound healing. Bioplastics produced from Spirulina are biodegradable, non-toxic with high blends. Biofertilizers from Spirulina have little or no residual risks, adds soil Nitrogen through Spirulina Nitrogen fixation ability. In addition, the survey of published works on Spirulina for the past two decades indicates that more research is been carried out in recent years using Spirulina, especially studies involving its health potentials and those concerned with molecular analysis. In conclusion, Spirulina is an exceptional commodity with numerous applications, and probably, some of its compounds causing those effects are yet to be isolated and that is one area for further research.

Decompressive hemicraniectomy versus medical treatment of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: To estimate evidence for decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) versus medical treatment effects on survival rate and favorable functional recovery among patients of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Design: The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. Setting: The MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Springer, Cochrane Collaboration database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, and Wanfang database were comprehensively searched for RCTs regarding the effects of DHC versus medical treatment among patients of MMCAI in these English and Chinese electronic databases from inception to 1 June 2019. Two reviewers independently retrieved RCTs and extracted relevant information. The methodological quality of the included trials was estimated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Review Manager5.3.5 software was used for statistical analyses. The statistical power of meta-analysis was estimated by Power and Precision, version 4 software. Participants: Nine RCTs with a total of 425 patients with MMCAI, containing 210 cases in the DHC group and 215 cases in the medical treatment group, met the inclusion criteria were included. Primary outcomes were measured by survival rate, defined as modified Rankin scale (mRS) score 0–5 and favorable functional recovery as mRS score 0–3. The follow-up time of all studies was at 6–12months. Results: First, compared with the medical treatment group, DHC was associated with a statistically significant increase survival rate (RR: 1.96, 95%CI 1.61–2.38, P &lt; 0.00001) and favorable functional recovery (RR: 1.62, 95%CI 1.11–2.37, P = 0.01). Second, subgroup analysis: (1) Compared with the medical treatment group among patients age ≤60 years, DHC was associated with a statistically significant increase survival rate (RR = 2.20, 95%CI 1.60–3.04, P &lt; 0.00001); (2) Compared with the medical treatment group among patients of age &gt;60 years, DHC was also associated with a statistically significant increase survival rate (RR: 1.93, 95%CI 1.45–2.59, P &lt; 0.00001); (3) Compared with the medical treatment group, the time of DHC was preformed within 48 h from the onset of stroke that could statistically significant increase survival rate (RR: 2.16, 95%CI 1.69–2.75, P &lt; 0.00001). Third, sensitivity analyses that measured the results were consistent, indicating that the results were stable. Fourth, the results of statistical power analysis were ≥80%. Finally, the funnel plot of the survival rate included nine RCTs showed no remarkable publication bias. Conclusions: Our study results indicated that DHC could increase survival rate and favorable functional recovery among patients age ≤60 or &gt;60 years. The optimal time for DHC might be no more than 48 h from the onset of symptoms. However, due to the limitations of this research, it is necessary to design high quality, large-scale RCTs to further evaluate these findings.

Detection and Prediction of Lung Cancer using Different Algorithms

One of the major causes of cancer death is through Lung cancer. Theoverlapping of cancer cells acts as an impediment for its early detection. Identifying genetic andenvironmental factors plays a vital role in developing better techniques for its prevention. And inorder to discover the anomalies in target images, time factor is paramount. In this work, decision tree algorithm is used for prediction of lung cancer whereinthe important pattern with their corresponding weightage and score is studied. Processes such as preprocessing of images and feature extraction are done using Histogram Equalization and using neural network classifier does normal or abnormality check of the patient. If lung cancer is detected early, then it will reduce many treatment options, reduce risk of invasive surgery and increase survival rate. Therefore, an easy, cost effective and time saving method will produce promising result for detection and prediction of lung cancer.

ECMO attenuates inflammation response and increases ATPase activity in brain of swine model with cardiac arrest compared with CCPR

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) could increase survival rate and neurological outcomes of cardiac arrest (CA) patients compared with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR). Currently, the underlying mechanisms how ECMO improves neurological outcomes of CA patients compared with CCPR have not been revealed. A pig model of CA was established by ventricular fibrillation induction and then underwent CCPR or ECMO. Survival and hemodynamics during the 6 h after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) were compared. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and Ca2+-ATPase and NA+-K+-ATPase activities were detected. Brain tissues histology and ultra-microstructure in CCPR and ECMO groups were also examined. Results suggested that ECMO significantly improved the survival of pigs compared with CCPR. Heart rate (HR) decreased while cardiac output (CO) increased along with the time after ROSC in both ECMO and CCPR groups. At each time point, HR in ECMO groups was lower than that in CCPR group while CO and mean arterial pressure in ECMO group was higher than CCPR group. In ECMO group, lower levels of IL-1, IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and TGFβ, especially IL-1, IL-6, TNFα, and TGFβ, were found compared that in CCPR group while no difference of IL-10 between the two groups was observed. Similar with the results from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, decreased expressions of IL-6 and TGFβ were also identified by Western blotting. And Ca2+-ATPase and NA+-K+-ATPase activities were increased by ECMO compared with CCPR. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and ultra-microstructure examination also revealed an improved inflammation situation in ECMO group compared with CCPR group.

PENINGKATAN SINTASAN LARVA IKAN KERAPU SUNU (Plectropomus leopardus) MELALUI MANAJEMEN PEMELIHARAAN YANG SESUAI

Survival rate of coral trout seed produced from aquaculture was relatively low. In 2015, high mortality was found at the early stage of larval development (<D10), approximately 64.37 % of the total production. There has been no standard management for coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus) larval rearing, which was used to adopt management for grouper (Epinephelus spp.) larval rearing. This study was to apply suitable management for coral trout larval rearing into aimed to decrase mortality at early stage larval development and to increase survival rate. There were two different managements in this study: A. applying the results of previous research of coral trout larval rearing from 2004 to 2015, and B. using standard management for grouper larval rearing. The results showed that management A was more suitable management for coral trout larval rearing compared to management B. Management A resulted in the increasing of survival rate by five times (p=0.0056) and of growth rate at early stage by 1.15 times (p=0.2338) higher than those of management B.