PSVIII-3 Genetic evaluation for Hereford breed in Kazakhstan

For effective management of animal breeding, complete, high-quality and reliable information about an individual animal, about the population as a whole, is required. For breeding work, it is necessary to select breeding bulls, the offspring of which have high productivity. The selection of ancestors and offspring of bulls makes it possible to consolidate or consolidate these traits. The aim of the research is to improve the methodology for beef cattlegenetic evaluation. Material and methodology. Beef cattle genetic evaluation implemented by BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction). Mixed linear biometric models (AM / MME) were built for each assessed productive trait: Birth Weight, Weaning Weight, Milking at Calf Weaning, Yearling Weight. 74,868 animals of the Hereford breed. Percentages describe 5% and 10% share distributions of index values. The EPD values of live weight at birth in 90% of cases lie in the range from “-8.76” to “+18.21”; for live weight at weaning in the range from “-35.73” to “+42.83”; for live weight per year from “-51.45” to “+90.18”. The best and lowest EPD values are in 10% edge intervals relative to the entire set of calculated estimates. The proportional distribution of EPD accuracy in 2020 for the productive indicators of animals born in the period 2014–2020 of the Hereford breed have zero values up to 10%. The smaller number of fractions of non-zero values of the CPI accuracy indicates a more complete and qualitative filling of the database with productive indicators of live masses in recent years. In Kazakhstan, a method for calculating EPD by the BLUP AM method was developed with the construction of a genetic model of an animal and EPDs were calculated according to 5 productive indicators: live weights at birth, at weaning, at 12 months. age, adult animal (age 5 years) and milk production of cows.

About Some Features of the Ability of Flowering Specials Crocus reticulatus in Various Elements of the Mesorelief of Beams in the Southern of the Middle Russian Hill

The article presents the results of a three-year study of two populations of Crocus reticulatus, in the conditions of the beams of the Veidelevsky district of the Belgorod region. We studied the abundance of flowering individuals (potentially reproductive abundance) of C. reticulatus in two model populations and their distribution in different elements of the beam mesorelief along the gradient: the upper part of the slope – the base of the slope – the bottom of the beam. Comprehensive stationary monitoring studies were carried out in 2018-2020. in key areas in accordance with the program and methodology of biogeocenotic studies by the method of randomized repetition with the allocation of organized factors: Factor A – «habitat» and Factor B – «gradient of the slope». The results of the variance analysis of the one-factor complex in some years showed that the influence of the «gradient of the slope» factor on the productive trait «the abundance of flowering individuals» in key plot N 1 ranged from 98.4 % in 2020 to 99.6 % in 2018, in the key plot N 2 - from 98.5 % in 2019 to 99.5 % in 2020. On average, over 3 years of research in key area No. 1, an abundance of 336.2 ind./100 m2 was observed at Cv = 179.6 % in the gradient of the slope. An abundance of 237.4 ind./100 m2 at Cv = 101.1 % along the gradient of the slope was noted at key area N 2. The maximum number of flowering individuals was noted in the narrow ecotone part of the transition of the slope to the bottom of the beam (transects I): in plot N 1 – 1,890 ind./100 m2, and in plot No 2 – 856.7 ind./100 m2. An analysis of the share of the influence of organized factors by the method of variance analysis of two-factor complexes on average for 2018-2019 showed that the factor B, “gradient of the slope”, h2x = 79.5 %, exerted the greatest influence on the resultant trait “abundance of flowering individuals”. The factor “habitat of the population” and the interaction of factors had a significantly smaller effect on the number of individuals – 1.2 and 17.0 %, respectively. It is concluded that the study of the potentially reproductive abundance of C. reticulatus in natural conditions can contribute to the process of creating narrow-local artificial populations with a number of specific features, including those useful from an economic point of view for introduction into culture and breeding.

The Effect of Camellia oleifera Cake Polysaccharides on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Meat Quality, Blood Profile, and Caecum Microorganisms in Yellow Broilers

The study was carried out to evaluate the influence of polysaccharides from Camellia oleifera cake (CCP) in Lingnan yellow broilers diet from 1 to 50 days. Growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, blood profile, and caecum microorganisms were characterized by three different levels of 0, 200 and 800 mg/kg CCP supplementation. Dietary treatment did not affect the productive trait from 1 to 50 days of age, except that average daily feed intake decreased at 42 days of age (p < 0.05). Additionally, the effects of CCP on various organs were different. The weight (p < 0.01) and index (p < 0.05) of bursa of Fabricius gradually decreased with the higher CCP supplementation at 21 days of the broilers diet. The gizzard weights were all higher when the broilers were fed with higher CCP concentration at 21, 42, and 50 days, respectively (p < 0.05). The weight and index of the spleen increased most with low CCP concentration (200 mg/kg) at 42 and 50 days. Moreover, CCP addition had no significant effect on meat quality except cooking loss (P < 0.05) and yellowness of meat color (p < 0.05). In the study of blood metabolism at 50 days of broilers, the concentration of calcium (p < 0.01), total cholesterol (p < 0.05) and uric acid (p < 0.01) decreased with higher CCP supplementation. CCP increased the albumin concentration (p < 0.001) that was highest at 200 mg/kg CCP supplementation. The addition of CCP increased the number of Lactobacillus and Enterococcus faecalis (p < 0.01) in the caecum of broilers, and had the potential to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli (p = 0.11). Results showed that CCP played a role in improving intestinal flora and the immunity of yellow broilers.

Whole genome sequences reveal multiple functions of PAT1 gene on environment adaptation and coat coloration in Tibetan sheep populations

Background: Most sheep breeding programs designed for the tropics and sub-tropics have to take into account the impacts of both productive and adaptive traits. However, the genetic mechanism regulating the multiple biological process remain unclear. Results: In this study, we report a novel PAT1 gene that simultaneously explained the variations of productive trait (coat color), adaptive traits (altitude and geography response) in 15 indigenous Tibetan sheep populations. Overlapped genomic regions harboring 6 candidate genes across three traits were identified at 27 chromosomes, with the top 1% of Fst and |Zph| values. The SNP/INDELs and expression of these candidate genes were further analyzed, and we find that only PAT1 gene, a CSDE1 homologue was consistent with the variation of multiple traits regarding. Haplotype analysis of PAT1 reveal that Tibetan sheep breeds with C-type of PAT1 have significantly greater body weight, shear amount, chest width and body length, but have lower body height, than those with CA-type of PAT1. Conclusions: We emphasized that PAT1 gene could be a potentially selective target used for the improvements of environmental adaption and coat coloration in the future. These results contribute to the knowledge of adaptive response in Tibetan sheep populations and will help to guide future conservation programs for Tibetan sheep native to Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.