Controversial terms in anesthesiology and intensive care

Medical vocabulary is a part of the Russian language used by the professional community. Most of the terms are borrowed from other languages and poorly understood by most native speakers. The development of medicine, in particular, anesthesiology and resuscitation, leads to the emergence of many new conditions, symptoms, syndromes and their defnitions. The latter often cause controversy among doctors. The article is devoted to some aspects of the appearance of controversial terms in anesthesiology and resuscitation to discuss them.

The World City

In this chapter, we begin to reconstruct Nemesius’ anthropology, beginning with On Human Nature 1. And what we are meant to take from Nemesius’ prologue is something he calls a ‘familiar’ idea: that the world is a divine polity. The Platonic commentator Calcidius seems to have been a rough contemporary of Nemesius’ (and may have been a Syrian). In the first pages of his monumental Timaeus commentary, Calcidius refers to the ‘city or republic of this sensible world’. Nemesius never uses such precise terminology, but there is much to suggest that he structures his treatise with an eye to this archaic, yet philosophically sophisticated world-picture. It is in his prologue, too, that Nemesius sketches his theory of human origins—featuring a bold interpretation of the Fall which seems to turn upon his use of Galen’s medical vocabulary.

A mixed-methods study of English vocabulary for medical purposes: medical students’ needs, difficulties, and strategies

This mixed-methods study investigated the English medical vocabulary strategies, needs, and difficulties of Taiwanese medical school students via an open- and closed-ended questionnaire (n = 17), a test measuring vocabulary size (n = 17), student interviews (n = 5), and teacher interviews (n = 3). Students reported using some vocabulary strategies more than others. A statistically significant negative relationship between students’ English vocabulary size and their use of word cards for vocabulary learning was also revealed. Through analysis of the interview data gathered from the medical students and their English teachers, five vocabulary learning difficulties faced by the medical students were uncovered: (1) nonexistent intentional English vocabulary learning, (2) stagnant specialized medical English vocabulary acquisition, (3) lack of sufficient contextualized academic English writing practice with newly encountered specialized medical vocabulary; (4) lack of teacher feedback on the students’ vocabulary use; and (5) lack of pedagogical communication among faculty. The pedagogical implications of these results were discussed with a focus on improving students’ vocabulary learning efficiency in light of their specialized English medical vocabulary needs.

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY IN ADVERTISING TEXT

Background. The article is dedicated to advertising text, which widely uses medical terminology. Advertising text, in which medical vocabulary is widely used, has its own specific character. The content of pharmaceutical advertising texts is enriched with a wide range of medical terminology and helps the consumer to know what is for what or what is for what. Undoubtedly, the text of advertising for pharmaceutical products can serve as a widespread dissemination of the advertised drug among the population. Taking into account the demand, interests, sometimes the individual desire of consumers, the text of the advertisement is drawn up, referring to the linguistic, linguocultural, linguo-sociological capabilities of each language. The lexicological stock of the language is actively used in the design of the advertising text, which contains medical vocabulary.

ABOUT SOME CHANGES IN MODERN MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

The article considers the main changes in modern medical terminology related to the occurrence, prevention and treatment of coronavirus infections, analyzes the main lexical and thematic groups of neologisms in terms of their origin and functioning. Among all the changes in modern medical terminology, two main processes attract attention in the first place: the emergence of a large number of new terms and a change in the distinction between active and passive vocabulary. Given the extralinguistic causes of both processes, it can be predicted that similar changes are taking place now in most languages of the world. In addition, even without special research, it is clear that the main number of neologisms borrowed from English has an international character and Latin-Greek etymology. Today we can begin to describe, systematize and classify some processes that occur in the lexical system as the most mobile tier of language, which actively responds to all extralinguistic factors in society. Without being able to focus on all the problems of modern medical terminology related to the pandemic, we will consider the situation with lexical- thematic groups "name of coronavirus infection" and "names of social restrictions associated with the pandemic" as the most striking sections of the general problem. After all, due to the pandemic, almost all languages of the world are undergoing serious lexical changes. Among the main processes are the emergence of a large number of new medical terms and the change in the distinction between active and passive vocabulary, when professional medical vocabulary becomes an active vocabulary of every ordinary person. Consider this assumption on the example of two thematic groups - "covid" and "social isolation". The material for the study was the publication of periodicals, orders and recommendations of various levels from the Ministry of Health to rectors and directors of educational institutions, banners of various types, news sites, etc.