A STUDY OF FACTOR AFFECTING THE USE OF TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION AMONG MARRIED WOMEN

Introduction: According to World Health Organization (WHO), 'Family planning allows individuals and couples to anticipate and attain their desired number of children and the spacing and timing of their births. It is achieved through use of contraceptive methods and the treatment of involuntary infertility'. This study provides the relationship between sociodemographic factors and use of temporary contraceptive methods and permanent contraceptive methods. 1.To de Objectives: termines the factor affecting utilization of temporary and permanent contraceptives among married women. 2. To determine the relationship between socio demographic factors and use of modern contraceptive method among married women.Material & methods: This study was community based descriptive cross sectional study, conducted in urban area of Bilaspur (C.G.). Total 600 married women were interviewed by predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Chi-square test and logistic regression was applied to know the association among the various socioeconomic factors and contraceptive practices. In this study 600 married wome Result: n were studied. Out of all 600 respondent (172)28.7% were using sterilization and rest were using temporary method of contraception. Only 8.6% and 32.8% illiterate women were using temporary method and permanent method of contraception and only 42.9% and 21.4% women of lower socio economic class were using permanent method and spacing method of contraception respectively. Signicant association was found between various factors like age, education, parity, socio economic class, and number of living children. In this study choice of method of contrace Conclusion: ption (temporary and permanent methods) was associated with education, occupation, socioeconomic class, number of living children and parity. It was found that the female sterilization (permanent method) was more popular than temporary method. Education and mass media show signicant association in use of temporary methods.

Improving Communication Messages by Using Perceptual Mapping: Family Planning Survey in East Java and West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Objectives: Contraceptive methods vary in effectiveness, actions required of users, and side effects. This article aims to analyze the perceptions about contraceptive methods among family planning clients of the East Java and West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) provinces in Indonesia. Methods: The data were obtained from the operational research of the Improving Contraceptive Method Mix Project in Indonesia, conducted in 2015–2016 in six districts in East Java and West Nusa Tenggara. The total sample size was 12,190 women aged 15–49 years. The perceptual mapping method uses cross-sectional surveys that require the respondent to rate the level to which they associate specific elements with each other, based on similarities and differences of perceived association. The correlation matrices for six contraceptive methods and five attributes were subjected to a multidimensional scaling analysis. Results: The results showed injectable to be the most preferred method, which was positioned closest to the attributes ‘easy to use’ and ‘easy to get’, followed by pills. Implants ranked higher than other long-acting and permanent method. Conclusion: Injectables and pills were the most preferred because people believe that they were ‘easy to use’ and ‘easy to get’. The least preferred methods were tubectomy and vasectomy because the respondents thought those were not close to any attributes at all. To increase the demand for the long-acting and permanent method choice in the provinces of East Java and West Nusa Tenggara, the attributes ‘easy to use’ and ‘easy to get’ should be emphasized in the long-acting and permanent method Information Education and Communication messages.

Spontaneous Pregnancy after Bilateral Tubal Ligation: A Rare Occurance

Bilateral tubal ligation is a form of female sterilization. It is the most commonly used method of family planning worldwide and it is a permanent method of fertility control. However the failure rate is 0.1 – 0.8%. A case report of a booked Gravida 5, Para 3+1, Alive 3 who had two previous Caesarean Sections and a previous Uterine Rupture is presented. She had a Bilateral Tubal Ligation (BTL) performed. She however presented six years after this with a spontaneous pregnancy. She presented in the first trimester, the pregnancy was followed up and she eventually had elective caesarean section and repeat bilateral tubal ligation.

The Reproductive Health Priorities, Concerns, and Needs of Women in Midlife: A Feminist Poststructuralist Qualitative Analysis

Reproductive health research rarely involves the inclusion of women over 40, creating a large knowledge gap regarding women in midlife. Women continue to have reproductive health needs, concerns, and priorities up to the point of menopause that should be examined to improve reproductive health outcomes and provide individualized care. In-depth, individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 women between the ages of 40 and 55 who had not reached menopause and did not have a permanent method of sterilization. Using the feminist poststructuralist tenets, three major themes were identified: (a) knowledge acquisition during the perimenopause, (b) subjectivity regarding family planning, and (c) the agency of aging. Participants spoke to a need for reproductive health that listens to their lived experience, addresses menopause clinically and positively, and encourages autonomously driven health priorities. Further research on effective nonhormonal contraception, education on perimenopausal symptoms, and healthy aging is necessary.

STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE ABOUT CONTRACEPTION AMONG WOMEN SEEKING MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY

OBJECTIVE :- To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices about contraception among women seeking induced abortion. Material & Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted in Dept.of OBGY,GMCH, Aurangabad between the period October 2019 to March 2020 using predesigned pretested questionnaire in women seeking medical termination of pregnancy. Observation:-Around 90% women were aware about contraception. Knowledge regarding tubectomy was more (77.66%) than other methods of contraception. Around 60% women were willing to use contraception and 70% women accepted contraception after counselling at the time of availing abortion services. Conclusion: Overall awareness of contraception was about 90%. Overall acceptance of contraception was 70% and utilization of tubectomy, as a permanent method of contraception was high due to government initiatives and incentives . Fear of side effects of contraception was an important factor for contraception denial . Husband’s support in the choice of contraception plays an important role.

ANALYSIS OF SELECTION OF CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD AMONG WOMEN IN TANZANIA

There are numerous methods of contraception selection and making selection among one of these method is an important decision. Commence of suitable contraception is important before starting first post-abortal menstrual period. Generally, it is required to provide individuals and couples about treatments, complications, counseling related to HIV/STI as part of post abortion care. The study is observational in nature and conducted in a hospital in Tanzanian capital. The sample included in the study was 60 patients. The results showed that among illiterate women along with those who have more than 1 living son or who have 4 or more living children prefer permanent method. We also found that contraception method is influenced by different demographic factors including living children gender, couple age, education, and income. Couples who feel that their families are completed mostly opt for permanent method of contraception. Family planning choices is also influenced by desire for a male child.

A preliminary model to evaluate disaster management efforts

Disasters are diversified in all aspects: they range from storms and tornadoes to earthquakes, tsunamis and cyclones etc. They affect a range of countries. Most disasters are caused by geographical factors. The overall response depends on the wealth of a country. For example, Japan is better prepared than Nepal or Haiti. Disaster responses are multidimensional and are assumed to be effective. From a service quality perspective, groups of responders provide services to victims. Effectiveness and efficiency of victim services are perhaps two outcome measures. Unfortunately, published studies on evaluation of disaster responses are sparse to nonexistent. The intent of this study is to develop a preliminary method for assessing the perceived effectiveness and efficiency (service quality) from the perspectives of both the responders and the victims. A method (preliminary) is proposed in which all anticipated attributes and outcomes are measured. Regression is the proposed modeling tool. It is hoped that the proposed preliminary method will facilitate the preparedness of the response teams and give rise to a permanent method.

Awareness of post partum intra uterine contraceptive device and reasons for its low acceptance in an urban Indian population

Background: The safety and efficacy of the Post-Partum Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device (PPIUCD) has been documented worldwide. With increasing institutional deliveries and greater sensitization, the aim is to increase PPIUCD insertions. Many areas still report poor acceptance. Objectives of this study to determine the proportion of antenatal women willing to accept PPIUCD insertion and the reasons behind refusal to accept this method.Methods: A prospective questionnaire study was done between January 2019 to June 2019 of 200 women. Inclusion criteria were antenatal women in the 2nd/3rd trimester. Exclusion criteria were those opting for a permanent method of contraception and those with a contra-indication.Results: Eighty-four women (42%) had never used any method of contraception. Earlier Intrauterine device (IUD) use (including both interval and PPIUCD) was in only 18.9% of all contraceptive users. Only 2 women in the group had ever used PPIUCD. 79% of women were aware of IUDs. Those unaware were mainly nulliparous. Amongst those aware of an IUD, 88 (56%) were aware it could be inserted postpartum. Only 18% were aware it could be inserted intra-cesarean. All women who participated were offered the option for a PPIUCD. Fifty-nine (29.5%) of all women expressed their willingness but on follow up till delivery only 18 of these women got a PPIUCD inserted. Amongst those not willing for the PPIUCD insertion the commonest reason was general apprehension (39%) followed by partner refusal (33%) and fear of complications (31%). Six women (4.2%) gave history of complications following earlier use and were unwilling for its repeat use. Conclusion: The large unmet need for contraception in India can be solved through repeated counselling and discussions with the woman during her antenatal visits. Alleviating apprehension and addressing concerns of the couple will increase PPIUCD acceptance.

Misplaced intra uterine devices: a rare case of vaginal entrapment

Intra uterine devices (IUD) are the second most common accepted methods of contraception worldwide after sterilization. It is a long acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) which is now being promoted as a simpler, safer and effective method of contraception for those women who do not want a permanent method of contraception. Missing thread is the most common complaint seen within 6 weeks of insertion and may be the only presentation of misplaced IUD. Most women who spontaneously expel the IUD are unaware of the situation. We are presenting a case of misplaced IUD which was partially expelled and got embedded in the vagina which is a rare site of misplaced IUD.

Study of determinants of contraceptive practices and impact assessment of counselling on acceptance of contraception in tribal area of Rajasthan, India

Background: Unmet need of family planning affects the society by uncontrolled population explosion. Tribal population being socioeconomic deprived group requires special attention for contraceptive needs. This study was planned to study the determinants of contraceptive practices and impact of intervention in the form of counselling over the family planning acceptance behaviour.Methods: This community based longitudinal study was conducted for duration of six months in selected areas of Udaipur district, by two stage sampling method. Baseline data was collected followed by counselling of non-users of contraception and later on collection of post intervention data for comparison.Results: Out of total 422 study subjects, 193 (45.7%) were contraceptive users and 229 (54.3%) were non-users. All the participants had knowledge about permanent method (100%) of sterilization followed by barrier methods (62%). Non-users of contraception were counselled and their practices improved significantly (p<0.001) afterwards.Conclusions: The knowledge of family planning methods is present inadequately among tribal and non-tribal eligible couples and actual practice of contraceptive use is lacking which requires efforts of health workers thorough counselling to change their attitude towards adoption of family planning practices.