Can placebos prevent intrusive memories?

After traumatic experiences, intrusive memories can flash back and evoke significant distress. Here, we investigated whether the occurrence of intrusions can be prevented by placebo. After the exposure to an experimental psychopathology model of psychological trauma, healthy participants (N=112) were randomised to deceptive placebo (DP), open-label placebo (OLP), or a no-treatment control group. The results show that one week later, the groups did not differ in the frequency of intrusive memories. However, participants receiving OLP reported the lowest intensity of intrusions. Participants receiving DP reported the lowest burden of intrusions. Across groups, the expectation that intrusions will be intense and hardly controllable was associated with a higher frequency of intrusions, higher distress, higher burden, and more negative appraisal. The results suggest that expectations play a crucial role in the emergence of intrusive memories and that at least some of the disabling aspects of intrusive memories can be reduced by placebo.

The Effect of Curing Pressure on Shear Bond Strength of Zirconia to Resin Cement

Background: Nowadays, the esthetics demand is continuously increasing; therefore, metal-free materials are widely used, like a zirconia-based ceramic, which is conveniently fabricated via computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system for restorations from single to full mouth rehabilitation. Objective: This study evaluated the effect of pre-curing pressure on the shear bond strength of zirconia to the resin cement. Methods: A total of sixty-three sandblasted cylindrical zirconia mounted in autopolymerizing resin were randomly assigned to three groups; Group 1: no treatment (control), Group 2: negative pressure, and Group 3: positive pressure to resin cement after resin cement application and resin composite columns bonded to zirconia. Thirty-three of the samples were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 hr before the shear bond strength test for thirty samples and three samples were cross-sectionally cut for interfacial observation with FESEM. Another thirty samples were thermocycled for 5,000 cycles in distilled water at 5°C to 55 °C before testing. The shear bond strength and failure mode were evaluated. Examination of the bonding interface was also done. Results: The results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The means of shear bond strength of non-thermocycle of the control group were 8.01 ±1.74 MPa, 9.10 ±1.90 MPa, and 9.14 ±2.58 MPa, whereas that of thermocycle group were 5.71 ±0.84 MPa, 5.53 ±0.68 MPa, and 5.68 ±0.77 MPa in zero pressure group, negative pressure group, and positive pressure group, respectively. It showed no statistically significant differences in shear bond strength in all pressure groups (p > 0.05). The pre-curing pressure did not influence the shear bond strength of the zirconia and resin cement. Conclusion: There was no difference in the shear bond strength between the pressure groups and the no treatment control group. The positive and negative pressure did not influence the shear bond strength of the zirconia and resin cement.

Early Lactate-Guided Resuscitation of Elderly Septic Patients

Background: Early lactate-guided resuscitation was endorsed in the guidelines of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign as a key strategy to decrease the mortality of patients admitted to the ICU department with septic shock. However, its effectiveness in elderly Asian patients is uncertain. Method: We conducted a single-center trial to test the effectiveness of the early lactate-guided resuscitation of older Asian patients at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University. Eligible septic shock patients who consented to participation in the study were randomly assigned to receive early lactate-guided treatment or regular treatment as controls. Result: A total of 82 patients met the hyperlactatemia criteria and participated in the trial. Forty-two patients received early lactate-guided treatment (lactate group) and 40 received regular treatment (control group). The lactate group received more fluids at initial 6 hours (3.3 ± 1.4 vs 2.4 ± 1.7 L, P = 0.01), but similar proportions of patients in both groups required the use of vasopressors and vasodilators. Patients in the lactate group showed significantly reduced ICU needs compared to the control group, which were weaned from mechanical ventilation more quickly (median 7, IQR 4 to 14 vs median 9, IQR 4.3 to 17.8, P = 0.02) and transferred out of the ICU earlier (median 4.5, IQR 2.8 to 7.3 vs median 6, IQR 3.2 to 8, P = 0.01). However, the hospital mortality (35.7% vs 42.5%, P = 0.35) and ICU mortality (31.0% vs 37.5%, P = 0.38) for both groups were not reduced. Conclusion: For critically ill patients (elderly Asian patients) admitted to the ICU department with hyperlactatemia, early lactate-guided treatment reduced ICU needs but did not reduce mortality.

Effect of Melatonin and in Combination with CIDR on Reproductive Performance in anestrus lactating Iraqi buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis).

The present study was performed on 30 lactating Iraqi buffaloes suffered from ovarian inactivity diagnosed by rectal palpation during 60-90 days postpartum, aged between 3-6 years at Al-Thahab Al-Abiad village / Abu-Graib / Baghdad province during the period from February- June 2020 . The animals divided into three equal groups (10 buffaloes for each one). 1st group treated with melatonin implants (90mg/animals/SC) for 30 days but 2nd group treated with melatonin implants conjugated with CIDR (1.38 gm) in day 20 for 10 days, 3rd group without treatment (control group). The results in this study were recorded animal response 90%, 100% and 50% in 1st ,2nd and 3rd groups respectively with superior significantly (P<0.01) for treated groups compared with control group and 8.26±1.33, 7.15±0.97 and 160.5±14.31 days which represented the duration of response in 1st ,2nd and 3rd groups respectively with significantly differences (P<0.01) related with control, but the number of services per conception recorded insignificantly in all groups, while the pregnancy rate revealed significant differences (P<0.01) in treated group compared with control group. Finally the days open recorded 153.6±6.72, 142.8±7.45 and 217.3±19.56 in 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups respectively with highly significantly (P<0.01) in treated group compared with control group. In conclusion in present study, the role of melatonin in improvement of reproductive performance in anestrus lactating Iraqi buffaloes suffered from ovarian inactivity was safe and effective

An Analytical Study on Research Trends in Auriculotherapy in Korea

Purpose: This study was done to analyze research articles and explore research trends in auriculotherapy between 2010 and 2019 in Korean academic journals.Methods: Domestic databases including KMbase, RISS, KISS, and NDSL were searched for studies published between 2010 and 2019. Research trends were analyzed according to The STandards Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) guidelines including research design, control group type, and intervention details from a total of 78 domestic papers. Descriptive statistics were analyzed by frequency and percentage.Results: Most studies were conducted in nursing. Regarding research design, a quasi-experimental design with a no-treatment control group was most common. There were 12 conditions with 4 participant categories. The most common intervention was four-point acupuncture-buried therapy. Interventions conducted weekly with cessation of 2 days for 6 weeks were popular. Regarding dropouts, few studies reported side-effects, with personal reasons being the most frequently reported. However, 50% of the studies failed to provide adequate information regarding intervention details according to the STRICTA guidelines, such as the practitioner background, ear point used for intervention, and a flow diagram.Conclusion: Interventional studies on auriculotherapy have been steadily increasing and have included more diversified conditions. Future studies should investigate the effects of auriculotherapy with more rigorous design, and report more detailed information regarding interventions.

PENGENDALIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL TERINTEGRASI PENGENDALIAN VEKTOR TOTAL BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DAN STICKY AUTOCIDAL MOSQUITO TRAP

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still a health problem in Indonesia, including in West Kalimantan Province. The Integrated Model of Community-Based Total Vector Control (PVTBM) and Sticky Autocidal Mosquito Trap (SAMT) is expected to reduce the density of larvae, so that the incidence of dengue can be reduced to the lowest point in the endemic area of Pontianak. This study analyzed the effects of the PVTBM-SAMT integrated model in controlling dengue vectors in endemic areas of Pontianak City. This type of research is Interrupted time series with a nonequivalent no-treatment control group time series. The sample of this study was 200 houses, consisting of 100 houses in the intervention area and 100 houses in the control area. The results showed a decrease in the mean larval density index in the intervention area, namely; HI was 25%, CI was 11.17%, BI was 38%. Statistical analysis showed that the PVTBM-SAMT integration model had a significant effect on the density of larvae: HI, CI, and BI with p values: 0.049, 0.047, and 0.042. It is recommended that the health office and primary health care be able to apply the PVTBM-SAMT method in controlling DHF vector activities and also in the implementation of surveillance and control of Aedes aegypti vector. Abstrak Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia, termasuk di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Aplikasi Model Terpadu Pengendalian Vektor Total Berbasis Masyarakat (PVTBM) dan Sticky Autocidal Mosquito Trap (SAMT) bertujuan menurunkan densitas Larva. Penelitian ini menganalisis efek model terintegrasi PVTBM-SAMT dalam pengendalian vektor DBD di wilayah endemis Kota Pontianak. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen murni dengan rancangan Interrupted time series with a nonequivalent no-treatment control group time series. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 200 rumah, terdiri dari 100 rumah di wilayah intervensi dan 100 rumah di wilayah pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terjadi penurunan rerata indeks kepadatan larva pada wilayah intervensi yaitu; HI sebesar 25%, CI sebesar 11,17%, BI sebesar 38% dan wilayah pembanding. Analisis statistik terdapat perbedaan densitas larva: HI, CI, dan BI sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan secara signifikan dengan nilai p: 0,049, 0,047, dan 0,042. Dinas kesehatan dan puskesmasisarankan dapat menerapkan metode PVTBM-SAMT dalam kegiatan pengendalian vektor DBD dan juga dalam pelaksanaan surveilans serta pengendalian vektor Aedes aegypti.

Identifying Key MicroRNAs Targeted by Narenmandula in a Rodent Nephropathy Model

Background. Untreated nephropathy can progress to renal failure. The traditional Mongolian remedy Narenmandula regulates the kidney “yang.” This study aimed to identify key microRNAs (miRNAs) targeted by Narenmandula in a rat model of nephropathy. Methods. Fifteen rats exhibiting normal renal function were randomized to three study arms. Nephropathy was induced in n = 10 rats using doxorubicin hydrochloride, followed by either Narenmandula treatment (treatment group) or no treatment (control group). In n = 5 rats, no doxorubicin was given and renal function remained unchanged (healthy group). Microarray analysis identified miRNAs which were differentially expressed (DE-miRNAs) between groups. Target genes of DE-miRNAs were predicted using miRWalk version 2.0, followed by enrichment analysis using DAVID, and construction of the miRNA coregulatory network using Cytoscape. Results. Nephropathy was successfully induced, with doxorubicin resulting in differential expression of 3645 miRNAs (1324 upregulated and 2321 downregulated). Narenmandula treatment induced differential expression of a total of 159 miRNAs (102 upregulated and 57 downregulated). Upregulated DE-miRNAs (e.g., miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-181c-5p, and miR-30e-5p) and downregulated DE-miRNAs (e.g., miR-330-3p and miR-214-3p) regulated a high number of target genes. Moreover, the miRNA pairs (e.g., miR-195-5p—miR-497-5p, miR-181a-5p—miR-181c-5p, and miR-30e-5p—miR-30a-5p) coregulated a high number of genes. Enrichment analysis indicated functional synergy between miR-30e-5p—miR-30a-3p, miR-34a-5p—miR-30e-5p, miR-30e-5p—miR-195-3p, and miR-30a-3p—miR-195-3p pairs. Conclusion. Narenmandula may modulate doxorubicin-induced nephropathy via targeting miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-181c-5p, miR-30e-5p, miR-330-3p, miR-214-3p, miR-34a-5p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30a-5p.

Tri Kaya Parisudha Based Time Token Learning Model Influences Students’ Speaking Skills

The problem that underlied in this research was that the students speaking skills were not optimal, the learning model used was less varied, the learning atmosphere in the classroom was less arousing the activeness of students to participate. This study aimed to analyze the influence of Tri Kaya Parisudha based Time Token learning model on the fourth-grade speaking skills of elementary school. The study was a quasi-experimental with Posttest-only No-Treatment Control Group Design. The population of the study was all grade IV elementary schools, namely 16 classes and 495 total of students. The research sample was determined by using cluster random sampling. In this study, the samples were obtained 66 students. Speaking skills data were obtained using structured observation. The obtained data were analyzed using polled variance t-test. Based on data analysis, obtained tcount = 7.042 and ttable (significant level 5%) = 2,000 with dk = 64, then H0 was rejected. So, it is concluded that there was a significant influence of Tri Kaya Parisudha based Time Token learning model on the speaking skill of the fourth grade elementary school. This model can be used as a reference by the teacher in the learning process to improve speaking skills.

HOW DOES MODE OF INPUT AFFECT THE INCIDENTAL LEARNING OF COLLOCATIONS?

There has been little research investigating how mode of input affects incidental vocabulary learning, and no study examining how it affects the learning of multiword items. The aim of this study was to investigate incidental learning of L2 collocations in three different modes: reading, listening, and reading while listening. One hundred thirty-eight second-year college students learning EFL in Taiwan were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (reading, listening, reading while listening) and a no treatment control group. The experimental groups encountered 17 target collocations in the same graded reader. Learning was measured using two tests that involved matching the component words and recalling their meanings. The results indicated that the reading while listening condition was most effective while the reading and listening conditions contributed to similarly sized gains. The findings suggest that listening may play a more important role in learning collocations than single-word items.

Using Social Network Sites to Boost Savoring: Positive Effects on Positive Emotions

Research has demonstrated that positive interventions (PIs) can be effective in enhancing well-being. Our study used Facebook to conduct a PI based on savoring. Sixty-one university students in Taiwan were randomly assigned to undergo a three-week savoring PI, and 61 participants were assigned to a no-treatment control group. The results showed significantly enhanced positive affect in the treatment group compared to the control group, in both a post-test and a final follow-up, but no significant differences between the two groups in negative affect. The treatment group also displayed significantly lower depression in the post-test, which was not maintained at the follow-up. These results indicate that, for university students, a savoring intervention via Facebook can be an effective way of enhancing positive emotions.