EVOLUCIÓN TERRITORIAL DE LA TRANSICIÓN EPIDEMIOLÓGICA EN EL ESTADO DE MÉXICO, 1980-2015

El propósito de este artículo es analizar la distribución territorial de la transición epidemiológica (únicamente mortalidad) en el Estado de México, durante el período de 1980 a 2015. Esta variable presenta un progreso evolutivo, diferenciado a lo largo del tiempo y del territorio. Los indicadores tomados en cuenta en este estudio son las tasas de mortalidad que se deben a alguna de las enfermedades incluidas en la lista GBD 165 (Global Burden Disease, o Carga Global de Enfermedad) desarrollada por la OMS. Estas tasas se calcularon con base en la población total y las defunciones hospitalarias registradas del periodo 1980-2015. Posteriormente se analizaron estadísticamente empleando como métodos el Valor Índice Medio (VIM) y el análisis bivariado, cuya interpretación permitió determinar el comportamiento espacio temporal de la transición epidemiológica y elaborar la cartografía correspondiente. Algunos hallazgos señalan que en el Estado de México la transición epidemiológica de la mortalidad presenta cuatro etapas: dos de ellas en regiones extensas en el territorio y otras dos en pequeñas regiones, de forma aleatoria.

Endovascular Aortic Repair (EVAR) Method in The Management of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Aortic disease is a collection of diseases of the aorta, which includes aortic aneurysms; acute aortic infections consisting of aortic dissection, intramular hematoma, penetration of atherosclerotic ulcers (PAU) and traumatic injury to the aorta; pseudoaneurysm; aortic rupture; Marfan syndrome; and congenital abnormalities such as coarctation of the aorta. One of the aortic diseases that cause the death rate to increase according to the 2010 Global Burden Disease is aortic aneurysm. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a focal dilatation of the aortic segment. The diagnosis of AAA is done by history taking, physical examination and supporting examination. Management at AAA aims to prevent aortic wall rupture. An alternative procedure without open surgery is endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) using prostheses. It is expected that through the EVAR method, mortality and morbidity due to AAA can be reduced. Keywords: abdominal aortic aneursym, EVAR, prostheses Penyakit aorta merupakan kumpulan penyakit pada aorta yang meliputi aneurisma aorta; sindrom aorta akut berupa diseksi aorta, hematoma intramular, penetrating atherosclerosis ulcer (PAU) dan cedera akibat trauma pada aorta; pseudoaneurysm; ruptur aorta; sindrom Marfan; serta penyakit kongenital seperti koarktasio aorta. Salah satu penyakit aorta yang menyebabkan angka kematian meningkat menurut Global Burden Disease 2010 adalah aneurisma aorta. Aneurisma aorta abdominalis (AAA) merupakan dilatasi fokal pada segmen aorta. Penegakan diagnosis AAA dilakukan dengan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik dan pemeriksaan penunjang. Penatalaksanaan pada AAA bertujuan untuk mencegah pecahnya dinding aorta. Prosedur alternatif tanpa pembedahan terbuka yang dijadikan pilihan adalah endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) menggunakan protesa. Diharapkan melalui metode EVAR angka mortalitas dan morbiditas akibat AAA dapat diturunkan. Kata kunci: aneurisma aorta abdominalis, EVAR, protesa

KARAKTERISTIK KLINIS DAN DERAJAT BERAT GEJALA MOTORIK PENYAKIT PARKINSON DI RSUP SANGLAH DAN RSUD WANGAYA DENPASAR

Background: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. The Global Burden Disease (GBD) report published in 2018 estimated there were 6.1 million individuals suffering from PD globally and causing 3.2 million Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) and 211,296 deaths in 2016. Disability mainly caused by motor symptoms. This study aims to determine the clinical characteristics and motor severity in PD patients in Sanglah and Wangaya General Hospital Denpasar. Method: Descriptive observational study with cross-sectional design. Samples taken consecutively from all patients diagnosed with PD at Neurology Polyclinic in Sanglah and Wangaya General Hospital from December 2018 - February 2019. Result: From 47 subjects with PD, 72.3% were male, 83% had onset within 1-5 years, and the mean age was 63.87 ± 8.67 years. As many as 44.7% subjects had Hoehn-Yahr 2 stadium, with an average MDS-UPDRS III score of 35.11 ± 21.39, and 48.9% subjects had mild severity. As many as 59.6% subjects had the status of ON. Motor severity showed a trend that increases with increasing staging, but was not seen when compared to the onset. This result might be affected by the ON/OFF status during examination. Conclusion: Parkinson's disease in Sanglah and Wangaya General Hospital is more common in men and over the age of 50 years, and most are found in moderate severity. There is a trend of worsening motor severity with the increasing Hoehn-Yahr stadium. Examination using UPDRS-III is recommended to be done both on ON and OFF state to get more sensitive results

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and its Effect on Obesity among Healthy Saudi Adults

<p>Obesity is considered as a global burden disease and its prevalence is increased worldwide. Physical inactivity and excessive calorie consumption are associated with increased obesity risk. Therefore, strategies for losing weight involved increased physical activity and reduced calorie and macronutrient diet. Also, recent studies showed that higher adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with lower risk of obesity. This study investigated association between adherence to Mediterranean diet and obesity among healthy Saudi adults. The sample size of 127 participants (50 men and 77 women) from Jeddah city with mean age 38.2 ± 13.3 years and Body Mass Index (BMI) 26.5 ± 5.2. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet (Med-diet) was measured using a validated 14-item questionnaire of Mediterranean diet adherence. Independent t-test was used to examine significant differences between groups. Results showed that lower adherence to Med-diet among the participants was with mean 5.7 ± 1.9. The analysis of 14-item Med-diet questionnaire showed that around 45% of participants used olive oil in cooking and only 35% of participants consumed more than 4 tablespoons of olive oil daily. The consumption from vegetable, fruit and fish was below recommendation from Med-diet, however, the consumption of red meat was high. Individuals with great adherence to Med-diet had lower BMI, however, values were not statistically significant compared to lower adherence to Med-diet. In conclusion, study showed lower adherence to Med-diet among Saudis and adherence to Med-diet was not associated with reduced risk of obesity.</p>

The Disease Burden of Indoor Air Pollution From Solid Fuel Use in China

Solid fuels, such as coal, straw, and firewood are wildly used for cooking and heating in China, with the negative side effects of indoor air pollution and residential health problems. This article investigates the current and historical trend of China’s disease burden caused by indoor air pollution (IAP) at the provincial level. The Global Burden Disease data set and national/provincial yearbooks are used. The results show the following: (1) In recent years, the burden of disease caused by IAP is decreasing; (2) in all health aspects, eastern coastal regions performed better than inland regions; (3) health risk is extremely severe in Henan, Sichuan, and Guizhou provinces; (4) IAP gives rise to serious diseases, including chronic obstructive respiratory diseases and cerebrovascular diseases. This article discusses the relevant causes and countermeasures.