AB0081 THE ROLE OF LOCAL BISPHOSPHONATES IN THE PRESERVATION OF THE BMD IN THE ZONE OF SURGICAL BONE DEFECT (ANIMAL STUDIES)

Background:One of the reasons for failures in Arthroplasty is the preservation in the postoperative period in the bone adjacent to the implant of the prevalence of resorption over bone formation. The possibility of inhibition of resorption by bisphosphonates, including their local use in the composition of the biocomposite material, aggravates the situation due to the simultaneous oppression of bone formation. A low level of remodeling in these cases leads to a further loss of bone mass in the intervention zone.Objectives:To evaluate in the experiment the effect of bisphosphonates in the biocomposite material on the bone mass both in the surgical intervention zone and in the segment as a whole.Methods:The study was conducted as a comparison with the control. 60 females of white non-linear rats, body weight 130-150 g. were divided into 6 groups. In 3 groups, the defect of the tibia was filled with a biocomposite material in the form of a gel (patent No. 2325170) connected to various bisphosphonates Ibandronic acid (Bonviva), zoledronic acid (Aklasta), alendronate sodium (Fosamax) was used in conjunction with a non-demineralized lyophilized bone implant. Groups, the defect was filled with a non-demineralized lyophilized bone implant with biocomposite material without bisphosphonate, in the second control group, non-demineralized lyophils th e bone implants without biocomposite matreiala in tretey- defect is not filled.Assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) in the intervention area and in the segment as a whole was performed using X-ray densitometry (Hologic, Small Animals Program Performing and Analyzing Small Animal Studies). Results Comparison (simple dispersion analysis) of the MIC of all groups using bisphosphonates on the one hand, with the MIC of all control groups on the other hand, revealed significant differences (p <0.002).Results:The analysis, using the paired t-test, the average MIC values in the combined group using bisphosphonates and the pooled control group, confirmed that the BMD in the zone of intervention in the bisphosphonate group was significantly higher than in the control: 0.320 ± 0.008 g / cm2, respectively, versus 0.285 ± 0.019 g / cm2 (p = 0.002). If the group was excluded from the analysis, where the defect was not filled, the tendency to differences remained: 0.320 ± 0.008 g / cm2 vs. 0.308 ± 0.002 g / cm2 (p = 0.11).Mean BMDs of the whole segment with the use of bisphosphonates also proved to be significantly higher than in the control, both with the inclusion in the analysis of the group without replacement of the defect, and with its exception. Thus, when all control groups were included in the analysis, the mean MIC values in the group with bisphosphonates were 0.30 ± 0.01 g / cm2 vs. 0.272 ± 0.12 g / cm2 (p <0.001). When excluding from the analysis of the group without replacement of the defect, the MIC values were respectively: 0.307 ± 0.01 g / cm2 versus 0.285 ± 0.01 g / cm2 (p = 0.01).Conclusion:Relative to the control, an increase in BMD in the group using bisphosphonates excludes the possibility of their negative impact on the process of bone formation. The marked positive bone balance confirms the ability of bisphosphonates to maintain the remodeling mechanism at the physiological level.References:Local application of bisphosphonates, osteoplastic materials, biocomposite material, bone implant reconstruction, bone formation.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

The Impact of Insecticide-treated Bed Nets on Parity and Malaria Sporozoite Infectivity of Anopheles Species in Kamuli District, Uganda

Background: The main objective of treating bed nets with insecticides is to affect the mean longevity of the main vector population, and consequently the vector density and sporozoite rates. Objective: This study aimed at establishing the impact of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) on the longevity and ability to transmit malaria sporozoites by the vector species as an assessment of effectiveness of the ITN intervention in Kamuli district, Uganda. Methods: Indoor human-biting mosquitoes were trapped in three randomly selected houses in two separate nights using battery-operated CDC light traps in both intervention (with ITNs) and non-intervention villages (without ITNs). The female anophelines were dissected and their parity rates and Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite positivity compared between the two zones. A sporozoite Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay, ELISA, was used to detect the presence of P. falciparum sporozoites in the parous vectors in both zones. The parity and P. falciparum sporozoite infectivity were compared between the two zones using the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test of the R-Statistics software. Results: Out of the 166 Anopheles mosquitoes dissected, 37.3% (19 out of 51) and 53.9% (62 out of 115) were parous in the intervention and non-intervention zones, respectively, indicating that parity of the mosquitoes was higher in the non-intervention (p = 0.005). Infectivity of the vectors in the non-intervention exceeded that in the intervention zone (p = 0.032), with active sporozoite transmission observed before and after bed time in the non-intervention zone. Conclusion: Results showed that ITNs had impacted on the survival and consequently the density of the older malaria vectors, and on their ability to transmit Plasmodium sporozoites. This calls for intensification of use of this effective malaria control strategy, coupled with behavioural change communications strategy to promote correct use, as well as use of other interventions like repellents to provide additional protection especially before and after bed time.

Host-feeding Preference of Anopheles Species under Prolonged Use of Insecticide-treated Bed Nets in Kamuli District, Uganda: Implications for Vector Control

Background: The blood-feeding patterns are crucial in incriminating disease vectors as well as facilitating the design and consolidation of effective vector control interventions in an area. Objective: This study aimed to establish if prolonged use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) caused a shift in the preferred hosts of the common malaria vectors as the hosts were under the bed net. Such a shift would render ITNs less effective and would probably explain the continued morbidity and mortality due to malaria in the highly endemic Kamuli district. Methods: A total of 3,519 indoor and outdoor human biting female Anopheles gambiae sensu lato and An. funestus mosquitoes were collected from 48 households using human-baited bed net traps. All 187 indoor resting blood-fed anophelines collected were tested by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for blood meal host identification. Of these, 73 mid guts came from 24 households in villages with a 69% ITNs coverage, while 114 mid guts were from 24 households in non-ITN villages. Results: Blood meal hosts were identified in only 10.96% (n = 8) and 14.91% (n = 17) of the Anopheles blood meals from the intervention and non-intervention zones, respectively. Other blood meals could not be clearly identified. Eight (100%) blood meals in the intervention zone were from humans, while in the non-intervention zone, 15 (88.24%), one (5.88%) and one (5.88%) came from humans, cattle and goat, respectively. These findings demonstrated that the malaria vectors in Kamuli district are anthropophilic, with nearly all the mosquitoes collected from both zones feeding on humans during every blood meal (p = 0.82). This indicated high vector-human contacts, and thus implicating these species as important in the transmission of Plasmodium species and probably other infections. Conclusion: The use of insecticide-treated bed nets is effective for controlling malaria vectors inside houses, evoking universal coverage of houses in the area.

Improving follow-up testing in children with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli through provision of a provider information sheet

The aim of this study was to improve follow-up laboratory testing for children infected by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) through the provision of an information sheet to healthcare providers in the province of Alberta, Canada. An information sheet recommending the performance of laboratory tests, every 24–48h until 3 days after diarrhoea resolves or the platelet count stabilises or begins to rise, was sent to all physicians who ordered a STEC-positive stool test as of 1 November 2016. The information sheet was only distributed to physicians in one of the province’s five healthcare delivery zones (i.e. intervention zone). Medical records for children aged &lt;18 years with laboratory confirmed STEC-positive stool samples between November 2014 and November 2018 were reviewed to determine the performance of recommended laboratory tests. Post-intervention, follow-up testing in all categories increased significantly for cases that occurred in the intervention zone, with odds ratios (OR) ranging from 3.02 (95% CI: 1.35–6.78) to 3.94 (95% CI: 1.70–9.16) when compared with pre-intervention. No increase in any of the laboratory testing categories was detected outside of the intervention zone. The provision of a targeted information sheet to healthcare providers improved the monitoring of STEC-infected children.

Abundance of coral-polyp-eating gastropods Drupella cornus in Bunaken National Park, Indonesia: indicating anthropogenic impact?

Corallivorous gastropods, Drupella cornus are living in the Indo Pacific coral reefs. To assess the distribution of the snails at Bunaken National Park in Indonesia, a study has been conducted on three zones established in three main islands of the park: core, tourism, and exploitation zones. The zones represent degrees of human interventions in which the least intervention is for core zone, moderate for tourism zone and high for the exploitation zone. The results showed that degrees of human interventions are related to the density of snails where the least human intervention zone (the core zone) had low numbers of snails while the high human intervention (exploitation) zone had high numbers of snails. Three corals in the zones that were preferred by the snails were: Montipora spp., Acropora spp., and Porites spp. The numbers of snails living on the corals followed the percent of coral cover© Gastropod pemakan polip karang, Drupella cornus hidup di areal terumbu karang Indo-Pasifik. Untuk mengetahui distribusi dari siput di Taman Nasional Bunaken, sebuah studi telah dilakukan pada tiga zona yang ditetapkan di tiga pulau utama di taman nasional ini: zona inti, zona pariwisata, dan zona pemanfaatan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tinggi-rendahnya intervensi manusia berhubungan dengan kepadatan siput di mana zona yang memiliki intervensi terendah (zona inti) memiliki jumlah siput sedikit sementara zona dengan intervensi tertinggi (zone pemanfaatan) memiliki jumlah siput terbanyak. Tiga spesies karang di ketiga zona ini yang disukai oleh siput adalah Montipora spp., Acropora spp., and Porites spp. Jumlah siput yang hidup di karang mengikuti jumlah persen tutupan karang©