Analisis Performa Protokol GPSR Dan GPSR-HLS Pada Jaringan Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET)

Salah satu karakteristik utama jaringan VANET yaitu kecepatan node yang tinggi sehingga menyebabkan topologi jaringan berubah secara cepat. Hal ini menjadi sebuah kendala dalam pengiriman paket data antara satu node dengan node lainnya. Tantangan yang dihadapi dalam VANET adalah pemilihan protokol routing yang tepat sesuai dengan skenario yang ada. Jenis protoko routing VANET dapat dikategorikan menjadi beberapa jenis yaitu protokol berbasis topologi, geografis, cluster, broadcast, dan geocast. Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) adalah contoh protokol routing geografis yang menggunakan posisi node secara geografis untuk menentukan tujuan. Performa yang ditunjukkan protokol GPSR pada penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkkan performa yang cukup baik, tetapi masih ada kelemahan dalam mekanisme recovery pengiriman paket data. Metode yang bisa digunakan untuk menangani permasalahan tersebut adalah menggunakan Hierarchical Location Service (HLS) yaitu sebuah layanan untuk menentukan posisi node berdasarkan hierarki. Pengujian dengan skenario urban di Kota Malang berdasarkan kecepatan maksimal node, jumlah node, dan ukuran paket data menunjukkan performa protokol GPSR-HLS mengalami peningkatan dalam jumlah paket data yang diterima di node penerima hingga di atas 95% pada ketiga skenario.One of the main characteristics of VANET networks is the high node speed, which causes the network topology to change rapidly. This becomes an obstacle in sending data packets between one node and another node. The challenge faced in VANET is choosing the right routing protocol in accordance with the existing scenario. Types of VANET routing protocols can be categorized into several types, namely topology, geographic, cluster, broadcast and geocast based protocols. Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) is an example of a geographical routing protocol that uses the position of a node geographically to determine its destination. The performance shown by the GPSR protocol in previous studies shows a fairly good performance, but there are still weaknesses in the recovery mechanism of sending data packets. The method that can be used to deal with these problems is to use Hierarchical Location Service (HLS), which is a service to determine the position of a node based on a hierarchy. Testing with urban scenarios in Malang based on the maximum node speed, number of nodes, and data packet size shows the performance of the GPSR-HLS protocol has increased in the number of data packets received at the receiving node to above 95% in all three scenarios.

Design of a Monitoring-combined Siting Scheme for Electric Vehicle Chargers

This paper designs a siting scheme for public electric vehicle chargers based on a genetic algorithm working on charger monitoring streams. The monitoring-combined allocation scheme runs on a long-term basis, iterating the process of collecting data, analyzing demand, and selecting candidates. The analysis of spatio-temporal archives, acquired from the fast chargers currently in operation, focuses on the per-charger hot hour and proximity effect to justify demand balancing in geographic cluster level. It leads to the definition of a fitness function representing the standard deviation of per-charger load and cluster-by-cluster distribution. In a chromosome, each binary integer is associated with a candidate and its static fields include the index to the cluster to which it is belonging. The performance result obtained from a prototype implementation reveals that the proposed scheme can stably distribute the charging load with an addition of a new charger, achieving the reduction of standard deviation from 8.7 % to 4.7 % in the real-world scenario.

Design of a Monitoring-combined Siting Scheme for Electric Vehicle Chargers

This paper designs a siting scheme for public electric vehicle chargers based on a genetic algorithm working on charger monitoring streams. The monitoring-combined allocation scheme runs on a long-term basis, iterating the process of collecting data, analyzing demand, and selecting candidates. The analysis of spatio-temporal archives, acquired from the fast chargers currently in operation, focuses on the per-charger hot hour and proximity effect to justify demand balancing in geographic cluster level. It leads to the definition of a fitness function representing the standard deviation of per-charger load and cluster-by-cluster distribution. In a chromosome, each binary integer is associated with a candidate and its static fields include the index to the cluster to which it is belonging. The performance result obtained from a prototype implementation reveals that the proposed scheme can stably distribute the charging load with an addition of a new charger, achieving the reduction of standard deviation from 8.7 % to 4.7 % in the real-world scenario.

Training Needs Analysis: Study on Development of School Administration's Competence

The objectives of this research are (1) to identify the competency level of school administration staff (SAS), and (2) to analyze the need of SAS Training. This research was conducted using descriptive method. The population of this research is Junior High School Vocational School Administration of West Sumatera which is spread over 18 districts / cities. The sample of the research was taken by geographic cluster and selected 7 (seven) regions. In detail the sample consisted of 158 school administrative staff and 63 heads of administrative staff. The research instrument is a questionnaire with semantic scale that has been tested validity and reliability empirically and obtained significant results. Data analysis was done descriptively. The results showed that the average of head managerial competence of SAS was 78.86% (in the category capable), technical competence of SAS head of 79.14 (in the category capable), technical competence of SAS of 82.75 (in the able category); Meanwhile, the need for education and training in the development of managerial competence of head of SAS is 83.09 (in need category), technical competence of head of SAS is 82.86 (in need categ<em>ory), and technical competence of SAS is 82.30 (in need category).</em><strong></strong>

Geographic clustering, network relationships and competitive advantage

Purpose – There are contradicted perspectives on relationship between geographic cluster and competitive advantage of firms in previous research. Extant research has paid extremely attention to the effect of both geographic cluster and industrial network on firms’ performance; however, little studies have delineated the relationship between geographic cluster, industrial network, and competitive advantage. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that firms within the same cluster that have established idiosyncratic network resources have stronger competitive advantages than firms that have not. Design/methodology/approach – An empirical study of two prominent geographic clusters from Taiwan is analyzed by structural equation modeling. Findings – The results indicate that the degree of networking does play a mediating role between geographic cluster and competitive advantage, which may help resolve the conflicting results obtained by researchers on the influence of clusters on competitive advantage. The results also find that both degree of networking and betweenness position are conducive to the pursuit of competitive advantage. Practical implications – The research shows that firms merely locate themselves in the right cluster does not guarantee they can outperform their rivals. Rather, developing of network relationship with other firms proximate to the same cluster will strengthen a firm's competitive advantages. Originality/value – In the theoretical perspective, this paper attempts to fill the gap in the links between clusters, networks, and competitive advantage by providing that the networking as a mechanism for firms in a cluster to improve their competitive advantage.

Sampling Nomads: A New Technique for Remote, Hard-to-Reach, and Mobile Populations

Livestock are an important component of rural livelihoods in developing countries, but data about this source of income and wealth are difficult to collect due to the nomadic and seminomadic nature of many pastoralist populations. Most household surveys exclude those without permanent dwellings, leading to undercoverage. In this study, we explore the use of a random geographic cluster sample (RGCS) as an alternative to the household-based sample. In this design, points are randomly selected and all eligible respondents found inside circles drawn around the selected points are interviewed. This approach should eliminate undercoverage of mobile populations. We present results of an RGCS survey with a total sample size of 784 households to measure livestock ownership in the Afar region of Ethiopia in 2012. We explore the RGCS data quality relative to a recent household survey, and discuss the implementation challenges.