Reliability and validity of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) in individuals with a recently acquired spinal cord injury

Objective To assess the reliability and validity of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) and possible subscales, and to interpret Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) total scores, in individuals with a spinal cord injury. Design Cross-sectional Setting Seven Dutch rehabilitation centres Subjects Individuals with a recently acquired traumatic or non-traumatic spinal cord injury at the start of inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation (N = 270). Main measure The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) consists of eight items on an individual's cognitive and emotional representation of one's health conditions. Principal component analysis was performed to identify possible Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) subscales. Validity was assessed by testing hypotheses on correlations between the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) and other measures. Cut-off points of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) total score were determined. Results Mean (SD) age of participants was 60.1 (16.5) years, 188 (71%) were male, and 119 (44%) had tetraplegia. Three potential subscales were revealed. Cronbach's alpha was acceptable for only one subscale. This subscale was named ‘consequences’ and included the items ‘consequences’, ‘symptom burden’, ‘concern’, and ‘emotions’. The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) total and the consequence subscale showed the expected strong correlations (>.50) with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Mean (SD) scores were 40.9 (12.3) on the 8-item Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) (range 0–80) and 25.1 (8.1) on the consequences subscale (range 0–40). Cut-off points for the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) total score were determined as follows: <42 indicating low experienced threat, 42–49 indicating moderate experienced threat, and ≥50 indicating high experienced threat. Conclusion The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) total and consequences subscale seem applicable in individuals with a spinal cord injury in the rehabilitation practice and research.

Psychometric Testing of the Bahasa Version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire among Indonesians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) has been recommended to validate illness perception. Nevertheless, this measurement has yet to be validated with an assessment of the construct and convergent validities and reliability in Indonesia. Our study aimed to psychometrically test the 8-item B-IPQ among Indonesians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Data included 294 patients with T2DM with stratified multistage clustering. The 36-item Short Form Survey, 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were used to examine convergence and divergence. The validity analysis included the construct and convergent validities with significant person correlations. Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability (CR), and average variance extracted (AVE) were used to assess reliability. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses indicated a multidimensional structure, including cognitive with a five-item structure and emotional illness representation with a three-item structure, with an acceptable goodness of model fit. The tool revealed good internal consistency for the cognitive, emotional, and overall domains and was positively moderately correlated with FBG, stress, anxiety, and depression but negatively correlated with the overall quality of life and mental and physical component scores. Findings provide empirical evidence that the Bahasa version of the B-IPQ showed adequate internal consistency, exploratory and confirmatory, and thus is valid and reliable for illness perception assessments among Indonesians with T2DM.

The Persian Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire: Validation in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain

Background. Illness perceptions may influence coping behaviors as well as treatment and recovery among patients with chronic pain including low back pain (LBP). These perceptions may vary across different conditions. The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) is used as an instrument to assess the patients’ perception of illness. Although the BIPQ has been previously translated into Persian, its psychometric properties have not been evaluated among patients with chronic nonspecific LBP. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the Persian BIPQ in patients with chronic nonspecific LBP. Methods. 116 patients with chronic nonspecific LBP with a mean (standard deviation) age of 36.4 years (10.7) participated in this cross-sectional study. Fifty patients were reexamined after 10 to 12 days for test-retest reliability. Internal consistency reliability, construct validity, concurrent criterion validity, and structural validity were evaluated. The concurrent validity was examined by using the Short Form-36 Health Survey. Results. There were no floor and ceiling effects. Cronbach’s alpha for the total score was 0.90. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for test-retest reliability was 0.90. The standard error of measurement and the minimal detectable change was found to be 3.26 and 9.04, respectively. The convergent correlations confirmed the construct validity. The concurrent criterion validity was demonstrated by significant negative correlations with the SF-36. The Exploratory Factor Analysis produced the 2 factors (emotional illness representations and cognitive illness representations) with an eigenvalue >1.0 that jointly accounted for 58.86% of the total variance. Conclusion. The Persian BIPQ is a reliable and 2-factor instrument and can be used for assessing illness perception in patients with chronic nonspecific LBP.

The association of illness perception with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) may be linked to the psychological status of cancer patients. Therefore, the authors aimed to better understand the underlying risk factors for CINV using the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. A total of 238 patients were recruited during three cycles of chemotherapy. Patient, disease and treatment characteristics were noted at the onset of chemotherapy. The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire was administered face-to-face prior to chemotherapy. The relationship between illness perceptions and CINV was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation. Positive illness perception parameters, including personal and treatment control, were negatively correlated, whereas negative illness perception parameters, including consequences, time line, identity, concern and emotions, were positively correlated with CINV after adjusting for age, sex and emetogenic potential of chemotherapy (p < 0.001). Illness perception may be an underlying risk factor for CINV.

A Rövid Betegségpercepció Kérdőív magyar változatának megbízhatósági vizsgálata

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Interdiszciplináris kutatásokkal igazolták, hogy a páciensnek a betegségéről kialakított elképzelései meghatározó szerepet játszanak a gyógyulási folyamat sikerességében. Célkitűzés: Vizsgálatunk célja az ezen elképzelések felmérésére kifejlesztett Rövid Betegségpercepció Kérdőív magyar nyelvű változatának megbízhatósági és validitási vizsgálata krónikus betegségben szenvedő, daganattal küzdő és transzplantált páciensek körében. Módszer: Keresztmetszeti vizsgálatunkban 490 páciens vett részt. A kérdőív validitásának vizsgálatára a Spielberger-féle Állapot- és Vonásszorongás Kérdőívet, a Beck Depresszió Kérdőívet és a Poszttraumás Növekedésérzés Kérdőívet alkalmaztuk, illetve felmértük a betegcsoportok életminőségét. Eredmények: A kérdőív belső megbízhatósága, a teszt-reteszt megbízhatósága kiváló. A konstruktumvaliditást vizsgálva közepesen erős összefüggést találtunk a szorongás, a depresszió, a poszttraumás növekedésérzés, az életminőség és a Rövid Betegségpercepció Kérdőív között. A prediktív validitást vizsgálva igazolást nyert, hogy a betegségpercepció összefüggésben áll a veseműködést jelző eGFR-szinttel (p = 0,027). A kérdőív diszkrimináns validitását igazolta, hogy képes különbséget tenni a különböző betegcsoportok között. Következtetés: A Rövid Betegségpercepció Kérdőív magyar verziójának reliabilitása és validitása a vizsgált populáción jónak mutatkozott. A kérdőív megbízható információt ad a pácienseknek a betegségükről kialakított elképzeléseiről. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(6): 212–218. Summary. Introduction: Interdisciplinary studies confirm that patients’ illness perception can have a substantial effect on the healing process. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Hungarian version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire in chronic disease, cancer, and transplant patients. Method: 490 patients were assessed using the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and quality of life questionnaires. Results: The scale showed good internal consistency, and the test-retest reliability was excellent. The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire scores moderately correlated with anxiety, depression, posttraumatic growth and quality of life. Examining predictive validity, the questionnaire correlated with eGFR level (p = 0.027). The discriminant validity of the questionnaire was supported by its ability to distinguish between different patient groups. Conclusion: The reliability and validity of the Hungarian version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire in the sample were excellent. The questionnaire turned out to be a useful psychometric tool in the measurement of illness perception. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(6): 212–218.

606. HIV Homecare: Understanding its Impact for Lost-to-Follow-Up Populations

Background Maintaining people living with HIV (PLWH) in clinical care is a global priority. In the metro-Detroit area of Michigan, approximately 30% of PLWH are out of care. To re-engage lost-to-follow-up patients, the Wayne State University Physician Group – Infectious Disease clinic launched an innovative Homecare program in 2017. In addition to home healthcare delivery, the program included links to community resources and quarterly community meetings. In the first year of Homecare, 28 of 34 participants became virally suppressed at least once. We aimed to understand reasons why people who left clinic-based treatment were able to become virally suppressed in this program. We included data from PLWH and their healthcare workers. Methods We used a mixed-methods design, including (1) semi-structured interviews with PLWH and healthcare workers, and (2) a validated Likert scale questionnaire rating illness perception before and after Homecare. Data were collected from 15 PLWH in metro-Detroit and two healthcare workers responsible for program delivery. Semi-structured interviews focused on obstacles to clinic-based care, support networks, and illness perceptions. Interview data were transcribed and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. A fully coded analysis was used to create a conceptual framework of factors contributing to Homecare’s success. Means in eight categories of the brief illness perception questionnaire (BIPQ) were compared using paired T-tests. Results The Homecare program offered (1) social support and stigma reduction through strong relationships with healthcare workers; (2) removal of physical and resource barriers such as transportation; and (3) positive changes in illness perceptions. PLWH worked towards functional coping strategies, including improvements in emotional regulation, acceptance of their diagnosis, and more positive perspectives of control. BIPQ showed significant changes in six domains before and after Homecare. Homecare Conceptual Framework General Joint Display: Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire Conclusion Homecare offers an innovative system for successfully re-engaging and maintaining lost-to-follow-up PLWH in care. These findings have implications for HIV control efforts and could inform the development of future programs for difficult to reach populations. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Peran Perawat sebagai Edukator terhadap Persepsi Sakit pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Kabupaten Jember

ABSTRAKPasien dengan diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2 akan menggambarkan penyakit yang dialami sesuai dengan apa yang ada dalam pikirannya untuk memahami masalah terkait. Persepsi sakit dapat ditingkatkan melalui pendidikan kesehatan oleh perawat tentang bagaimana mengelola penyakit dan manajemen perawatan diri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa hubungan antara peran perawat sebagai edukator dengan persepsi sakit pada pasien DM tipe 2. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik sampling penelitian ini adalah consecutive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 112 responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner peran perawat sebagai edukator dan kuesioner Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ). Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman-rank dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara peran perawat sebagai edukator dengan persepsi sakit (p value: 0,001; r: -0,433). Tingkat korelasi sedang dan bersifat negatif yang berarti semakin tinggi nilai peran perawat sebagai edukator maka semakin rendah nilai persepsi sakit. Semakin baik peran perawat sebagai edukator, semakin positif persepsi pasien tentang penyakit, yang berarti semakin sedikit ancaman penyakit yang dirasakan oleh pasien. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa perawat harus dapat meningkatkan penyediaan pendidikan kesehatan untuk pasien dengan DM tipe 2 sehingga pasien dapat memiliki persepsi positif terhadap penyakit. ABSTRACT Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus will describe their illness based on what is in their minds to understand related problems. Illness perception can be improved through health education by nurses about how to manage the illness and self-care management. This study aimed to analyze correlation between the role of nurse as educator and illness perception in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This research applied an observational analytic design with cross sectional approach. A total of 112 respondents were obtained by using consecutive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted by administering questionnaires of Role of Nurse as Educator and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ). Data analysis was performed with Spearman-rank correlation test with significance level of 0,05. The result showed a significant correlation between the role of nurse as educator and illness perception (p value: 0,001; r: -0,433). The correlation was moderate and negative which means the higher the value of the role of nurse as educator, the lower the value of illness perception. The better the role of the nurse as educator, the more positive the patient’s perception about the illness, which means the less threatening the illness is perceived by the patients. This study indicates that nurses should be able to improve the provision of health education to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus so that patients can have positive perceptions of the illness.