Expression of Calretinin in Carcinoma Breast in Correlation with Various Histological and Molecular Subtypes

Breast carcinoma is the second most common cancer following lung cancer. The incidence of cancer accounts for 24.2% and cancer death is about 15% among females. There are various prognostic and predictive factors for assessing the patient encountering carcinoma breast. Among the various prognostic factors, histological subtype and molecular subtype play a key role. The calretinin expression in carcinoma breast was seen in high-grade breast carcinomas and basal like subtype of carcinoma breast. Calretinin expression was predominantly noted in high grade II and III carcinomas as in other studies and other histological subtypes like metastatic carcinomas which are considered high grade tumours. The present study aimed to correlate the various clinicopathological parameters with the calretinin expression. The expression of Calretinin was seen mainly in grade II and grade III IDC- NST and metaplastic carcinomas. Among the molecular subtypes, the Basal like subtype and the Luminal B subtype showed calretinin expression. The calretinin expression was associated with tumours with a high proliferative index with Ki67 index >14%. This implies the importance of prognostic significance of calretinin expression, as cases with a high proliferative index are likely to have poor prognosis.

The role of c-MYC expression in the diagnostic and clinical confirmation of radiation-induced angiosarcoma: A case report and a review of literature

Introduction. Angiosarcomas (AS) arising from vascular tissue, accounting for 3.3% of all sarcomas, have a poor prognosis. Radiation-induced AS is a rare late complication of radiotherapy treatment and is characterized by a gene expression profile such as amplification of the MYC oncogene, by which we can distinguish primary from the secondary induced tumor. Case report, At 77-year-old patient, with early-stage endometrial adenocarcinoma, the radical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was initially done. According to pathological risk factors, the postoperative external beam conformal radiotherapy (CRT) of the pelvis was administered with concomitant brachytherapy. Six years after the treatment, on the anterior abdominal wall, in the region of the postoperative irradiation field and surgical scar, an infiltrative angiosarcoma of the skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue, was histologically confirmed. The patient received six cycles of mono-Adriamycin chemotherapy with verified partial regression. Additional immunohistochemical analysis (IHH) of c-MYC, Ki67 and CD34 expression showed a high proliferative index (Ki67 around 60%) and c-MYC positivity indicating the molecular pattern of radiation-induced AS. Furthermore, the high proliferative index could explain a good response to chemotherapy. Conclusion. The novel postoperative radiotherapy techniques provide better survival and local control in risk- endometrial cancer groups with a decrease of irradiation complications. These patients with longer survival, are in a higher risk of developing radiation-induced tumours as late side-effects of radiotherapy. When assessing the probability of radiation-induced AS, IHH analysis of c-MYC expression could distinguish secondary from others AS if Cahan?s criteria are fulfilled.

Lymphoplasmacyte-Rich Meningioma With Atypical Angiomatous Feature and an Increased Deposition of IgG4-Positive Plasma Cells: An Unusual Case Report

Lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma (LPRM) is an extremely rare variant of meningioma, and a small percentage of LPRM may be associated with IgG4-related disease. To date, the coexistence of 2 rare meningioma variants consisting of LPRM and angiomatous meningioma within one neoplasm has not been reported in the literature. A 56-year-old woman presented with episodes of frequent and severe epistaxis that began 4 months ago. Initial magnetic resonance imaging showed localized, heterogeneous, and intermediate to high signal lesion at the odontoid process and clivus. In subsequent magnetic resonance images, the mass grew to the posterior nasopharyngeal wall, and compression to the medulla, and a suspicious enhancement of both distal vertebral arteries became evident even though there was 3 times of partial resection over 17 years. The tumor showed regional and temporal heterogeneity, and atypical features such as mitoses and a high proliferative index were also identified in the area of angiomatous meningioma in addition to LPRM with an increased deposition of IgG4-positive plasma cells within the neoplasm.

DENTIGEROUS CYSTS AND AMELOBLASTOMAS

Objectives: The aim of study was to observe the expression of MCM2 in dentigerouscyst and ameloblastoma. Introduction: Minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM2) maybe a structurally and functionally complicated replication moiety that synergizes with differentmolecular factors therefore regulate DNA synthesis. MCM proteins play a job in maintaininggenomic integrity and stop re-replication once per cell cycle. It’s absent from chromatin inquiescent cells however abundant in mitotically active cells so making it a helpful marker forcellular proliferation. Dentigerous cyst (DC) is the commonest biological process odontogeniccyst having high proliferative index that may lead to dysplastic changes and developmentof tumours. Ameloblastoma is uncommon, benign and regionally aggressive odontogenicneoplasm with high rate of repetition after surgery. Study design: It was a descriptive study anddesigned to work out the expression of MCM2 in DCs and ameloblastomas. Setting: Departmentof Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology/ Oral Pathology. Period: Six months. Material andmethods: Twenty-five patients presenting with DCs (n=12) and ameloblastomas (n=13) wereselected. Clinical and radiographical findings were recorded and biopsies were submitted forhistological diagnosis. MCM2 immunopositivity was assessed by immunohistochemistry in fourmicroscopic high power fields showing most range of immunopositive cells. Results: Mean agewas 26.5± 11.24 years and 42.07± 9.24 years whereas male to feminine magnitude relationwas 7:5 and 7:6 for DCs and ameloblastomas severally. Most of the patients (58.3%) of DCswere asymptomatic whereas 41.6% patients reportable with painful swelling. Comparing, allpatients with ameloblastomas conferred with painless swelling. Radiographically, all DCs wereunicystic radiolucent lesions. While 46.2% of ameloblastomas were unicystic whereas 53.8%were multicystic radiolucent lesions. Histologically, basal layer atypia was seen in 50% and 23%of DCs and ameloblastomas respectively. High MCM2 immunoreactivity was ascertained withinthe epithelial lining of the DCs and the neoplastic cells of ameloblastomas. Conclusion: MCM2expresses the higher proliferation index that might lead to neoplastic development in DCs whilelocal invasive and recurrence potential in ameloblastomas.