Over-The-Counter Oral Hygiene Products Misuse: A Case Report

Oral hygiene products (OHP) are recommended to maintain the teeth and health of the oral cavity tissues by assisting in lowering the plaque level as well as the opportunistic flora. Oral hygiene products could cause oral health problems that may vary in severity. Due to the availability of over-the-counter (OTC) medications and lack of knowledge, customers may misuse these products. An oral hygiene product is a double-edged sword; a customer would develop side effects from it without even knowing or correlating the source. Many signs and symptoms may appear on the patients such as oral and perioral burning sensations, swelling, erythema, dysgeusia, and dysphagia. To our knowledge and based on the review of English literature through PubMed Midline, this is the first case report of misuse because of an over-the-counter oral hygiene product in which the patient used a mouthwash continuously and aggressively for 15 days without knowing of its side effects. This case report presents an eighty-two-year-old, male patient who complained of pain, burning, swollen, and dry mouth and lips. The author discussed the most common ingredients of oral mouthwashes. Some active ingredients may irritate the oral mucosa and lips. Also, the author discussed the possible differential diagnosis of painful, sensitive, burning, swollen, and dry mouth and lips. This report is intended as an overview of a rare and unusual oral condition associated with the misuse of OTC oral hygiene products. The findings of the present study necessitated the need for clear verbal and written instructions to be provided to the patients before recommending or prescribing any type of medication.

Condição de saúde bucal da população idosa brasileira: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Com o passar do tempo, o corpo humano apresenta um processo de desgaste natural, devido ao envelhecimento. Com a cavidade bucal não é diferente e, infelizmente, o edentulismo ainda representa um dos principais agravos à saúde bucal da população idosa. Objetivo: revisar a literatura científica acerca da condição de saúde bucal das pessoas idosas institucionalizadas e não institucionalizadas brasileiras. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, a partir de artigos científicos indexados nas principais bases de dados da área da saúde nos últimos 10 anos. Utilizou-se como palavras-chave: “bucal”; “health”; “older”; “oral”; “condition”; “institutionalized”; “asylu” e descritores: “oral health”; “elderly”; “aged”; “institutionalization”. Resultados: após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, dos 2267 artigos recuperados, apenas 8 foram incluídos na revisão. Observou-se que a condição de saúde bucal da população idosa brasileira é precária, com altos índices de CPO-D e perda dentária. A população idosa institucionalizada apresenta, ainda, índices mais elevados se comparado aos indivíduos idosos da comunidade. Conclusão: a revisão em questão confirmou que as pessoas idosas brasileiras apresentam uma condição de saúde bucal preocupante, porém a institucionalização se associa a uma condição de saúde bucal ainda pior, pela vulnerabilidade em que esses indivíduos se encontram. Assim, cabe refletirmos sobre as iniquidades à saúde impostas a essa população e a necessidade de políticas públicas de saúde bucal específicas à população idosa brasileira.

Application of Steroid in Clinical Practice

Corticosteroids represent important therapies for numerous acute conditions and chronic diseases based on their broad anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effects. They have been used extensively in managing many oral diseases, due to their excellent anti-inflammatory and immune-modulator effect. This article is present at reviewing the uses of corticosteroids in the treatment various oral condition. To study more about corticosteroids and other related concepts. It was focus on Physiological effects, Effect of anesthesia and surgery and important indication of steroid in anaesthetic practice. There are strategies that can be used to minimize these risks, but some risks are often unavoidable. Topical use of corticosteroids, including inhalation, can be used to target specific organ for treatment. Corticosteroid therapy can be life-saving in serious and serve medical conditions.

Evaluation of preoperative oral hygiene in patients with maxillofacial fractures: a retrospective clinical study

The purpose of this study was to know the oral epidemiological profile of patients admitted in a public hospital in the state of Ceará in the immediate preoperative period using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (IHO-S). This is a cross-sectional retrospective study of 40 male patients and 4 female patients hospitalized who underwent surgical treatment of maxillofacial fractures. The mean age of the patients was 31.27 years, presenting 21 patients (52.5%) with good oral condition, 18 patients (45%) regular condition and only 1 (2.5%) with poor oral condition. Although oral hygiene has been considered good, studies that emphasize the removal of bacterial biofilms should be performed for patients who have obtained the worst results, in order to reduce the problems that these poor results may cause. Through this study the importance of the dental surgeon in a hospital environment is apparent, acting in the treatment and prevention of factors associated with the oral cavity during the period of hospitalization.

An Algorithm for Automatically Extracting Dental Arch curve

Dental cone beam CT (CBCT) scans, due to their low radiation dose, are now widely used in the medical diagnosis of patients’ oral cavity. The reconstruction of a panoramic view of the dental arch from the scanned CBCT data facilitates the dentist’s observation of the patient’s oral condition. The most important technique for reconstructing the dental arch panorama is the extraction of the dental arch curve accurately. The existing method is to rely on the experience of the dentist to manually connect the dental arch curve, or use techniques related to threshold segmentation to extract dental arch curve. These methods rely on the experience of dentists on the one hand. On the other hand, when there are interferences such as implants, metal tubes, braces or missing teeth in the patient’s mouth, the threshold calculation will be wrong. Based on this, this article starts with the histogram of CBCT data, and proposes a highly robust and fully automatic dental arch curve extraction method. In the actual experiment, the dental arch curves of 40 different patients were extracted, and all the dental arch curves can be accurately and automatically extracted, thus verifying the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Classification and Properties of Dental Zirconia as Implant Fixtures and Superstructures

Various types of zirconia are widely used for the fabrication of dental implant superstructures and fixtures. Zirconia–alumina composites, such as ATZ and NanoZR, are adequate for implant fixtures because they have excellent mechanical strength in spite of insufficient esthetic properties. On the other hand, yttria-stabilized zirconia has been used for implant superstructures because of sufficient esthetic properties. They are classified to 12 types with yttria content, monochromatic/polychromatic, uniform/hybrid composition, and monolayer/multilayer. Zirconia with a higher yttria content has higher translucency and lower mechanical strength. Fracture strength of superstructures strongly depends on the strength on the occlusal contact region. It suggests that adequate zirconia should be selected as the superstructure crown, depending on whether strength or esthetics is prioritized. Low temperature degradation of zirconia decreases with yttria content, but even 3Y zirconia has a sufficient durability in oral condition. Although zirconia is the hardest dental materials, zirconia restorative rarely subjects the antagonist teeth to occlusal wear when it is mirror polished. Furthermore, zirconia has less bacterial adhesion and better soft tissue adhesion when it is mirror polished. This indicates that zirconia has advantageous for implant superstructures. As implant fixtures, zirconia is required for surface modification to obtain osseointegration to bone. Various surface treatments, such as roughening, surface activation, and coating, has been developed and improved. It is concluded that an adequately selected zirconia is a suitable material as implant superstructures and fixtures because of mechanically, esthetically, and biologically excellent properties.

Effect of Periodontal Health in Marital Life

Periodontitis is considered as a familiar inflammatory oral condition, which is related with various systemic diseases and several unfavourable reproductive consequences, that include reduced birth weight of child, preeclampsia, preterm labour, restriction of foetal growth, and perinatal death. Based on studies, there is a relationship seen among lower fertility and oral infections. Enhancement of oral hygiene by proper dental treatments will help to overcome the barrier on bearing a child. Keeping circumstances in mind, this review focus to identify the relationship among infection on oral cavity and fertility problems. This review helps to indicate the relationship among certain pathogen of periodontal disease with fertilization. Although some studies have proved about the inter relationship to certain extent, study must be carried out to know how the conditions relate to each other. Finally, based on few researches done, it is been found that there are possibilities showing the association among infertility and periodontal disease with men and women that may hinder the marital life of individuals. Still studies must be done in greater distance to show the results to prove stronger.

Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia

Focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) or Heck’s disease is a rare, benign, oral condition that is associated with infection by human papillomavirus type 13, 32 or both. The whiteish to mucosal-colored, soft, papular or nodular elevated lesions in the oral cavity are normally asymptomatic but can grow to a size or at a location where treatment is needed. The diagnosis is often based on clinical presentation and histopathology, and the HPV genotype can be determined using PCR utilizing specific primers or DNA sequencing. While FEH was reported to often affect several members of the same family and exist primarily among indigenous populations around the world, the number of reported cases within the European region is increasing. This contemporary review summarizes the main findings in relation to HPV genotypes, impact of superinfection exclusion and vaccination, transmission, diagnosis, geographical and ethnical distribution, comorbidities and treatment of FEH with an emphasis on including the most recent case reports within the field. Furthermore, we describe for the first time a FEH lesion infected with the low-risk HPV90.

PERIODONTAL DISEASE : A RISE IN PREVALENCE IN MILITARY TROOPS PENYAKIT PERIODONTAL

Background: Oral condition is one of substantial factors in general health. Good oral health will determine dental fitness or readiness in military troops. Oral diseases affecting soldiers may have negative impacts in readiness on deployment or fight and contributes to lowering morale among personnel. At the recruitment stage, the prevalence of periodontal disease is low and controlled before the commencement of the training. As a matter of fact, periodontal health was not considered to be maintained and found to be worsening through the course of time. In the end, many of soldiers were found to suffer from periodontal diseases. Method : This review article aims to discuss several factors in military way of life related to oral condition.Result : Lack of oral hygiene practices, stress, deficiency of nutritious food, and smoking among military personnel may contribute to the prevalence of periodontal disease. Several attempts should be incorporated in military life to reduce the negative impacts of these factors on oral health.Conclusion: Periodontal therapy should be provided early in the military careers and repeated at intervals specific to the needs of each personnel. Several risk factors contributing to the development and severity of periodontal disease should be assessed and overcome to arrest the progression of the disease.