Efektivitas Pembelajaran Daring Wawasan Kebangsaan

[EFFECTIVENESS OF NATIONAL INSIGHTS ONLINE LEARNING]. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of national insight online learning in Basic Training for Civil Servant Candidate Group II 2020 at Apparatus Training Center of Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. This study was a quasi experimental research with a quantitative approach. The data was collected using an assignment sheet, questionnaire, and interview. The learning effectiveness indicator was all participants get a minimum post test score of 80 and at least 80%. The research sample was all participants of Basic Training for Civil Servants Group II 2020 with the total number of 16 people. The result shows that the pre-test mean score is 84.5 and the post-test mean score is 97.5, indicating an increase of 15.4%. Based on the questionnaire result, it is found that the online learning method of Public Ethics is effective in achieving the learning objectives. National insight online learning of Basic Training for Civil Servants Candidates with all its strengths and weaknesses is considered effective in achieving learning objective, therefore, it can be continued in both new normal and normal condition

Hard to catch: experimental evidence supports evasive mimicry

Most research on aposematism has focused on chemically defended prey, but the signalling difficulty of capture remains poorly explored. Similar to classical Batesian and Müllerian mimicry related to distastefulness, such ‘evasive aposematism' may also lead to convergence in warning colours, known as evasive mimicry. A prime candidate group for evasive mimicry areAdelphabutterflies, which are agile insects and show remarkable colour pattern convergence. We tested the ability of naive blue tits to learn to avoid and generalizeAdelphawing patterns associated with the difficulty of capture and compared their response to that of birds that learned to associate the same wing patterns with distastefulness. Birds learned to avoid all wing patterns tested and generalized their aversion to other prey to some extent, but learning was faster with evasive prey compared to distasteful prey. Our results on generalization agree with longstanding observations of striking convergence in wing colour patterns amongAdelphaspecies, since, in our experiments, perfect mimics of evasive and distasteful models were always protected during generalization and suffered the lowest attack rate. Moreover, generalization on evasive prey was broader compared to that on distasteful prey. Our results suggest that being hard to catch may deter predators at least as effectively as distastefulness. This study provides empirical evidence for evasive mimicry, a potentially widespread but poorly understood form of morphological convergence driven by predator selection.

Virtual Examination for Final Year Orthopaedics Postgraduate Residents during COVID-19: Is it a Viable Alternative?

Introduction: Final year examinations for postgraduate residents of medical colleges in India were scheduled according to a defined protocol where doctor patient relationship was given utmost importance. Due to the currently prevailing pandemic, it has become extremely unsafe to conduct such an examination. So, an innovative method was devised by the Department of Orthopaedics, GMC Srinagar to ensure safety of the examiners and candidates as well as maintaining the required standard of the examination. This method was employed successfully in conducting exit examinations of final year postgraduate residents in this department. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness by a preformed questionnaire (developed by the faculty of Department of Orthopaedics, GMC Srinagar), Jammu and Kashmir, India of virtual pattern for exit examinations of final year postgraduate residents of medical colleges in India. Materials and Methods: A total number of 10 candidates appeared in the final year (MS Orthopaedics) examination. The conventional format which consisted of assigning patients to the candidates was replaced by a digital presentation format. In this format, the cases were prepared by the faculty, in the form of individual digital presentations for long as well as short cases. Presentation format consisted of detailed history, clinical examination, photographs of any deformity, elicited clinical signs and radiological imaging. A mock test was conducted four weeks before the date of the exam so that the candidates were familiar with the new virtual pattern. A questionnaire was designed to assess the acceptability of the virtual examination. It comprised of 10 questions and each answer was graded on a three point Likert point scale, producing a maximum score of 2 and a minimum score of 0 for each question. Results: Mean total scores for both the groups (examiners and candidates) were 18.25 and 16.9, respectively. The overall outcome regarding the responses was satisfactory in both the groups. The scoring was highest for the safety of the examination in examiner as well as the candidate group. In addition, overall satisfaction also scored the highest among the examiner group. Conclusion: This virtual pattern of examination presents a viable interim alternative to the traditional face to face examination, though it may not replace the latter. The time frame of the pandemic and its trend is difficult to imagine at this point of time, so, the virtual pattern might have to be used for future examinations as well. In addition, this pattern may even be utilised by other departments to frame their examinations.

Hard to catch: Experimental evidence supports evasive mimicry

ABSTRACTMost research on aposematism has focused on chemically defended prey, but signalling difficulty of capture remains poorly explored. Similarly to classical Batesian and Müllerian mimicry related to distastefulness, such “evasive aposematism” may also lead to convergence in warning colours, known as evasive mimicry. A prime candidate group for evasive mimicry are Adelpha butterflies, which are agile insects and show remarkable colour pattern convergence. We tested the ability of naïve blue tits to learn to avoid and generalise Adelpha wing patterns associated with difficulty of capture, and compared their response to that of birds that learned to associate the same wing patterns with distastefulness. Birds learned to avoid all wing patterns tested, but learning was faster with evasive prey compared with distasteful prey. Birds generalised their learned avoidance from evasive models to imperfect mimics if the mimic shared colours with the model. Despite imperfect mimics gaining protection from bird’s generalisation, perfect mimics always had the best fitness, supporting selection for accurate mimicry. Faster avoidance learning and broader generalisation of evasive prey suggest that being hard to catch may deter predators at least as effectively as distastefulness. Our results provide empirical evidence for a potentially widespread alternative scenario, evasive mimicry, for the evolution of similar aposematic colour patterns.

Arabidopsis Homologues to the LRAT a Possible Substrate for New Plant-Based Anti-Cancer Drug Development

This article describes how an NC gene family has been identified in the genome of the Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) by homology to the human Lecithin Retinal Acyl Transferase (LRAT) and the picornavirus 2A protein. The Arabidopsis proteins contain two motifs identified in a vast variety of organisms, an H-Box and an NC. Among related proteins are the C. elegans EGL-26, a regulator protein of cell morphogenesis in the vulva region, and human proteins that might be related to cell proliferation or development. Human homologues include HRAS-like tumour suppressors, the Tazarotene-induced gene 3 (TIG3), and a deSumoylating Isopeptidase (PNAS-4) that induces apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Preservation of the two motifs observed in the Arabidopsis proteins in homology to tumour suppressors, and the conservation of residues important for the function of the LRAT amongst the Arabidopsis homologues can be indicative not only of the importance of these domains for the function of the plant proteins but can also reveal a new candidate group for the design of plant-based tumour-targeting drug development.

The Frequency of Elliptic Curve Groups over Prime Finite Fields

Letting p vary over all primes and E vary over all elliptic curves over the finite field 𝔽p, we study the frequency to which a given group G arises as a group of points E(𝔽p). It is well known that the only permissible groups are of the form Gm,k:=ℤ/mℤ×ℤ/mkℤ. Given such a candidate group, we let M(Gm,k) be the frequency to which the group Gm,karises in this way. Previously, C.David and E. Smith determined an asymptotic formula for M(Gm,k) assuming a conjecture about primes in short arithmetic progressions. In this paper, we prove several unconditional bounds for M(Gm,k), pointwise and on average. In particular, we show thatM(Gm,k) is bounded above by a constant multiple of the expected quantity when m ≤ kA and that the conjectured asymptotic for M(Gm,k) holds for almost all groups Gm,k when m ≤ k1/4-∈. We also apply our methods to study the frequency to which a given integer N arises as a group order #E(𝔽p).