LESSONS FROM THE HEART: REVISITING THE PSYCHOCARDIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF ARISTOTLE IN THE 21ST CENTURY

The aim: To provide an overview of the psychocardiological theories of Aristotle and discuss their implications in contemporary research and clinical practice Materials and methods: Specific keywords (brain, heart, cardiology, psychiatry, psychocardiology, Aristotle, cardiocentric) were subjected to list down and analyze the literature in PubMed and Google Scholar. All types of articles, including original research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, along with gray literature dating back to 1950. We excluded studies reporting a significant conflict of interest and findings dispersed through popular media instead of peer-reviewed journals. Out of all articles, as per inclusion criteria and readings, we selected 26 for further analysis and narrative to build. Conclusions: Although this knowledge is currently outdated, revisiting his findings and methods is a source of lessons and inspirations for modern researchers and practitioners.

THE BONE-BRAIN AXIS? BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF ORTHOPEDICS AND A MENTAL WELLBEING ACTION PLAN IN MUSCULOSKELETAL CARE

The aim: To review the biopsychosocial aspects of psychiatric comorbidity in patients with musculoskeletal conditions and recommend a relevant mental health action plan. Materials and methods: Keywords (orthopedics, psychiatry, mental health) were used to list down and analyze the literature in PubMed and Google Scholar. All types of articles, including original research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, along with gray literature dating back to 2000. We excluded studies reporting a significant conflict of interest and findings dispersed through popular media instead of peer-reviewed journals. Conclusions: The biopsychosocial aspects of the “bone – brain axis” need to be better addressed by means of a pragmatic approach involving all concerned parties and acknowledging the challenges and limitations along the way.

Justinian’s Frankish War, 552–ca. 560

This article analyzes the aftermath of the Gothic War in northern Italy, particularly the battles between Eastern Roman and Frankish forces. While the initial clashes in 553–54 are well-recorded, only fragmentary information survives for the following years. Justinian’s Frankish War, for lack of a better description, can nonetheless be chronicled if we turn to texts that have rarely been discussed together. By focusing on the sources for the reigns of King Childebert I of Paris (511–58) and King Chlothar I of Soissons (511–61), it is possible to discern how their domestic priorities in Gaul were influenced by their differing relationships with Constantinople. Similarly, the letters of Pope Pelagius I (556–61) are an untapped resource for the empire’s ongoing conflict with the Franks, as his correspondence with Childebert’s kingdom, although largely concerned with the contemporary Three Chapters controversy, nonetheless suggests that the papacy had attempted to ameliorate the damage wrought by Frankish forces in Italy. As a result, although a detailed narrative of the Frankish War cannot be written today, it remains possible to trace the diplomatic and political aspects of the war in Italy and the Merovingian kingdoms. Far from an epilogue to the long-running Gothic War, Justinian’s war with the Franks in the 550s was a significant conflict in its own right, and its consequences need to be examined through a Mediterranean-wide perspective.

China's Military Increase: A Security Dilemma In Asia Pacific

This research seeks to show how theories and concepts can explain the rise in China's military and its impact on the Asia Pacific. Through the lens of theory and concept, this paper will also show what causes China to increase its military and why this is a security dilemma for the Asia Pacific. This paper uses the theory of Offense and Defense and also the concept of Security Dilemma. Offense and Defense Theory is intended to explain how the balance between offense and defense in the Asia Pacific region occurs so that it does not cause significant conflict in the Asia Pacific Region. The Security Dilemma concept is used to analyze the impact of China's rising military making the Asia Pacific countries a security dilemma. By using these theories and concepts, it is produced that if Defense is more dominant than Offense, then war will be avoided here, which plays the role of Offense, namely China and Asia Pacific countries play Defense. But China's behavior also cannot be separated from its country's history and position. So, China and the Asia Pacific region have contributed to the offense-defense balance and security dynamics in the Asia Pacific region.

Consequentialism and Nonhuman Animals

Consequentialism is thought to be in significant conflict with animal rights theory because it does not regard activities such as confinement, killing, and exploitation as in principle morally wrong. Proponents of the “Logic of the Larder” argue that consequentialism results in an implausibly pro-exploitation stance, permitting us to eat farmed animals with positive well-being to ensure future such animals exist. Proponents of the “Logic of the Logger” argue that consequentialism results in an implausibly anti-conservationist stance, permitting us to exterminate wild animals with negative well-being to ensure future such animals do not exist. We argue that this conflict is overstated. Once we have properly accounted for indirect effects, such as the role that our policies play in shaping moral attitudes and behavior and the importance of accepting policies that are robust against deviation, we can see that consequentialism may converge with animal rights theory significantly, even if not entirely.

Comment on the Order of the Supreme Administrative Court of 4 February 2020, II OSK 120/20

The Supreme Administrative Court adjudicated that ex-tenant of the real estate, who has explored a sand deposit within boundaries of such estate and obtained geological information on this deposit, has no legal interest in appealing against the resolution of the commune council on the creation of a local nature protection area (an ecological site), where mining is prohibited. This assessment is accurate, but it also reveals a significant conflict between the use of certain components of the environment – mineral deposits and valuable elements of nature. On the other hand, there are no legal instruments allowing for a systemic resolution of the collision of these interests.

A revised circumscription for Siphonolejeunea and a new species from New Zealand

A molecular phylogeny to test the monophyly of Nephelolejeunea by using previously published nrITS, rbcL and trnL–F sequence data demonstrated that Nephelolejeunea is paraphyletic with respect to Siphonolejeunea. Nephelolejeunea and Siphonolejeunea are, therefore, merged and, as the latter name has priority, new combinations in Siphonolejeunea are made for 10 species. The valid publication of the name Austrolejeunea is re-evaluated and we conclude that both Siphonolejeunea subgenus Austrolejeunea and Siphonolejeunea olgae were validly published in 1963. Siphonolejeunea bidentata is reported as new for New Zealand on the basis of a collection from the Wairarapa, a new species, Siphonolejeunea raharahanehemiae, is described on the basis of recent collections from Te Paki, where it grows on the twigs of Metrosideros bartlettii (Myrtaceae), and we provide a revised key to species of Siphonolejeunea. The significant conflict in signal between nrITS and chloroplast markers associated with the relationships of Cololejeunea angustiflora, which chloroplast sequence data suggest may not be grouped with the rest of Cololejeunea, is another interesting result from the phylogeny. The relationships of Cololejeunea angustiflora and its allies warrant further investigation.

Discourses of (hetero)sexism in popular music

This article analyses interview data to explore how participants negotiated discourses of (hetero)sexism in relation to the controversial pop song Blurred Lines. Our previous work, based on questionnaire data, interrogated interpretations of Blurred Lines (Handforth, Paterson, Coffey-Glover & Mills 2017) and showed how participants drew on discourses of sexism in their responses. Several participants experienced significant conflict in their interpretations, and here we focus on these more complex interpretations, considering the “small stories” (Bamberg & Georgakopoulou 2008) identified in follow-up interviews with participants. Individual narratives acted as mechanisms through which participants linked Blurred Lines to wider issues such as rape culture, drawing parallels between these and their own lives. Following research in queer linguistics (King 2014; Leap 2014; Motschenbacher 2010) our use of thematic analysis, corpus linguistic tools and narrative analysis highlights the various subject positions that participants negotiated in their storytelling, and how these positions both echoed and challenged normative understandings of gender and sexuality.

Cognitive Mechanism of Emotional Validity Influencing Conflict Control

Conflict control is the ability to choose relevant information and ignore disturbing information in task processing. Previous studies have found that emotions have a certain influence on conflict control, and the research results of positive emotions and negative emotions affect conflict control are inconsistent. This study attempted to explore the effects of different emotional valorization on conflict control, using images of happy, fearful and sad emotional faces to investigate the effects of different emotional valorization and different emotional types on conflict control. The experiment selected 40 participants and used the variable-face Stroop paradigm. The study found that no matter what emotional task, there is a significant conflict effect. The effects of different valency on conflict control are different. All three emotions have a significant effect on conflict control, and positive emotions play a role in promoting conflict control.

The effect of task complexity on linguistic and non-linguistic control mechanisms in bilingual aphasia

In this study we examined linguistic and non-linguistic control mechanisms in 20 Spanish–English neurologically healthy bilingual adults and 13 Spanish–English bilingual adults with aphasia. Participants completed two linguistic and two non-linguistic control tasks accounting for low and high complexity. Healthy bilingual results were indicative of domain general cognitive control, whereas patient results were indicative of domain specific cognitive control. The magnitude of conflict required to complete the tasks was also examined. Healthy bilinguals exhibited significant amounts of conflict on all tasks and linguistic and non-linguistic conflict ratios were correlated; whereas patient results revealed significant conflict only on non-linguistic tasks and those conflict ratios were not correlated with linguistic conflict ratios, indicating a dissociation between how patients are controlling information in these two domains. Finally, a relationship between language impairment and language control was identified and brain damage was associated with linguistic and non-linguistic task performance.