Saturation Model and Phase Recovering for Phase Measuring Profilometry

Phase measuring profilometry is a method of structured light illumination whose three-dimensional reconstructions are susceptible to error from intensity saturation. Phase error caused by intensity saturation of fringe patterns is studied in this work. A mathematical model is derived for recovering saturated intensity by means of other patterns without saturation, and thus we can decrease the phase error introduced by the saturation. Both simulation and experiment results show that the phase error arisen from intensity saturation can be efficiently suppressed with the proposed algorithm.

Increased Synthesis of Photosystem II in Triticum vulgare when Grown in the Presence of BAS 13-338

Addition of BAS 13-338 (4-chloro-5-dimethylamino-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone) to a suspension of chloroplast thylakoids caused an increase in the / level of chlorophyll fluorescence induction without affecting the F0 level and with a slight decrease in the Fmax level in a manner similar to the addition of DCMU to a thylakoid suspension. Addition of BAS 13-338 also inhibited the rate of Hill reaction H2O → dichlorophenol indophenol with 50% inhibition occurring at about 10 μм BAS 13-338. The inhibition was not reversed by diphenyl carbazide used as an artificial electron donor to photosystem II. These results suggest that the site of inhibition by BAS 13-338 is between Q (next to the primary electron acceptor) and plastoquinone.When the plants were grown in the presence of sublethal dose of BAS 13-338, the following changes were noted in the thylakoids of the treated plants as compared to the thylakoids isolated from the control plants: The F0 and the normalized variable fluorescence (⊿F/F0) levels increased, chlorophyll a/b ratio decreased, chlorophyll/P700 ratio increased. Furthermore, the rate of photosystem II electron transport both under saturated intensity and the limiting intensity of illumination increased, and the ratio of plastoquinone to Q decreased. These observations have been interpreted as due to an increase in the ratio of photosystem II to photosystem I in plants grown in the presence of BAS 13-338.