Metal Akümülatör Bitki olan Brassica nigra L.’nin in vitro Kallus İndüksiyonu ve Sürgün Gelişimi

This study established an efficient in vitro callus formation and plant regeneration protocol for a prevıously reported Cu accumulator, Brassica nigra, black mustard collected from Diyarbakir (Station site). Node explants from 10-day old mature plants were used for callus formation and shoot regeneration. The highest callus formation frequency (100%) was observed on Murasige Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.1 mg/L Benzylaminopurine (BAP) + 0.5 mg/L Naphthylacetic acid (NAA) (MS 2), 0.6 mg/L BAP + 0.2 mg/L NAA (MS 7), the highest shoot regeneration frequency (100%) was achieved on MS medium containing 0.6 mg/L BAP + 0.05 mg/L Indole butyric acid (IBA) (MS 8), 0.2 mg/L IBA + 0.2 mg/L NAA (MS 10) and the highest number of shoots per explant (3,25) was obtained on MS medium supplemented 0.6 mg/L BAP + 0.05 mg/L IBA (MS 8). After root, stem, and leaf formation from explants in MS medium, these plants were transferred to soil and grown in the plant growth room for one month. A dependable and effective shoot regeneration procedure was developed, laying the groundwork for genetic transformation in Brassica nigra.

Accounting for Natural Uncertainty Within Monitoring Systems for Induced Seismicity Based on Earthquake Magnitudes

To reduce the probability of future large earthquakes, traffic light systems (TLSs) define appropriate reactions to observed induced seismicity depending on each event's range of local earthquake magnitude (ML). The impact of velocity uncertainties and station site effects may be greater than a whole magnitude unit of ML, which can make the difference between a decision to continue (“green” TLS zone) and an immediate stop of operations (“red” zone). We show how to include these uncertainties in thresholds such that events only exceed a threshold with a fixed probability. This probability can be set by regulators to reflect their tolerance to risk. We demonstrate that with the new TLS, a red-light threshold would have been encountered earlier in the hydraulic fracturing operation at Preston New Road, UK, halting operations and potentially avoiding the later large magnitude events. It is therefore critical to establish systems which permit regulators to account for uncertainties when managing risk.

Advancements and Characteristics of Gauge Ingest and Quality Control within the Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor System

This study describes recent advancements in the Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) automated gauge ingest and quality control (QC) processes. A data latency analysis for the combined multiple gauge collection platforms provided guidance for a multiple-pass generation and delivery of gauge-based precipitation products. Various advancements to the gauge QC logic were evaluated over a 21-month period, resulting in an average of 86% of hourly gauge observations per hour being classified as useful. The fully-automated QC logic was compared to manual human QC for a limited domain, which showed a > 95% agreement in their QC reasoning categories. This study also includes an extensive evaluation of various characteristics related to the gauge observations ingested into the MRMS system. Duplicate observations between gauge collection platforms highlighted differences in site coordinates; moreover, errors in Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) station site coordinates resulted in > 79% of sites being located in a different MRMS 1-km grid cell. The ASOS coordinate analysis combined with examinations of other limitations regarding gauge observations highlight the need for robust and accurate metadata to further enhance the quality control of gauge data.

MCDM Model for Natural Gas Pressure Reducing Station Site Selection

Considering the increasing scenario of natural gas consumption, it is necessary that all agents in the chain use methods that structure decision-making and problem-solving processes. This paper proposes a multicriteria decision model to solve a site selection problem for a pressure reducing station. A natural gas distribution company was selected to test the model and the preference modeling was conducted through the flexible interactive tradeoff (FITradeoff) approach, according to the preferences of the decision maker (DM). FITradeoff's decision support system was used to assess the alternatives of the model, through the inference of the criteria scale constants. The results proved the robustness of the model and the DM evidenced consistency in its preferences. Also, the FITradeoff method demonstrated to be intuitive to apply, since a smaller effort is required from the DM and this is because the procedure does not require complete information in the scale constants elicitation process.

Removal of TPH, UCM, PAHs, and Alk-PAHs in oil-contaminated soil by thermal desorption

Oil-contaminated soils from a former landfill and gas station site in Korea were treated by thermal desorption. The removal efficiencies of the different oil components such as total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), unresolved complex mixtures (UCM), and alkylated PAHs (Alk-PAHs) by thermal desorption were determined. The effects of temperatures (200, 400, and 600 °C) and treatment times (15, 30, 45, and 60 min) on the thermal desorption efficiency were studied. The treatment efficiency increased with increasing temperature from 200 to 400 °C and with increasing treatment time. Almost complete removals of TPH, UCM, PAHs, and Alk-PAHs were observed after 15 min at 400 °C. The treatment temperatures of 400 and 600 °C did not show a significant difference (p-value > 0.05). Overall, this study shows that the different components of oil in the oil-contaminated soils can be treated effectively in a relatively short time by thermal desorption, and such high removal efficiency in a relatively short time for the oil-contaminated soils can be of advantage for the treatment of highly contaminated or weathered soils where biological treatment efficiency is low.