Pragmatic Security-Aware Cross-Layer Design for Wireless Networks from Vampire Attacks

Wireless networks rely on ad hoc communication in an emergency, such as a search and rescue or military missions. WLAN, WiMAX, and Bluetooth are often used in Ad Hoc networks. Using a TCP/IP wireless network poses several challenges. Packet loss in 802.11 may be caused by noise or the network. TCP/IP connects non-adjacent layers of the network, resolving cross-layer communication technology for cross-layer communication. It regulates data transmission energy. This structure solves an issue in various ways. It is often used to improve data transfer. Currently, the OSI reference model's layers and functions are not explicitly connected. Only DCL can send multimedia data via wireless networks. The research employs CLD to improve wireless security—invasions of ad hoc networks (MANETs). The research helps secure wireless MANs (MANETs), Vampire Attack Defense (VAP) algorithms. A Secure Cross-Layer Design SCLD-AHN protocol is included. The paper contributes to controlling security attacks in wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET's). In MANETs effectiveness of Vampire Attack Defense (VAP) algorithms is evaluated and analyzed. It also proposes a Secure Cross-Layer Design for the ad hoc networks (SCLD-AHN) protocol.

Grid Lifespan Enlargement for Assessment in Multihop Wireless Detector Facilities

In energy limited wireless sensor networks, both local quantization andmultihop transmission are essential to save transmission energy and thus prolong the network lifetime. The goal is to maximize the network lifetime, defined as the estimation task cycles accomplished before the network becomes nonfunctional.The network lifetime optimization problem includes three components: Optimizing source coding at each sensor node, optimizing source throughput at each sensor node.Optimizing multihop routing path. Source coding optimization can be decoupled from source throughput and multihop routing path optimization and is solved by introducing a concept of equivalent 1-bit Mean Square Error (MSE) function. Based on optimal source coding, multihop routing path optimization is formulated as a linear programming problem, which suggests a new notion of character based routing. It is also seen that optimal multihop routing improves the network lifetime bound significantly compared with single-hop routing for heterogeneous networks. Furthermore, the gain is more significant when the network is denser since there are more opportunities for multihop routing. Also the gain is more significant when the observation noise variances are more diverse.

Minimizing Transmission Energy of Wireless Sensor Network

Recent advances in electronics and wireless telecommunications provide the opportunity to design and manufacture wireless sensors with low power consumption, small size, appropriate price and various applications. These small sensors which are capable of sensing environmental data, processing and transmitting information have led to a novel idea for developing networks called wireless sensor networks (WSNs). WSNs are contains a various number of tiny small-cost, resource limited and limited energy devices that can sense, compute, store, and transmit data of surrounding environment with limited capabilities across the network to the base station. But these resource and battery limitations have direct effect on the life span of wireless sensor networks. So, authors aim to minimize the transmission energy of the network through minimizing the communication distance between each sensor nodes of the network. They proposed to improve Multi-Hop LEACH routing protocol. The network in the proposed work incorporates homogeneous types of sensors nodes randomly deployed in different portion of an environment to gather data about the environment that they are deployed. The sensors are organized in cluster-based structure to sense the different physical parameters of the environment and route the readings to a BS for visualization and data management purpose. The proposed work improved the existing routing protocol which is Multi-Hop LEACH cluster-based routing protocol by integrating the communication way of existing appropriate routing protocols. Such as: Minimum Transmission Energy and Multi-Hop LEACH cluster-based routing protocol for WSN. Authors have implemented the proposed routing protocol for WSN and the performance is evaluated using MATLAB simulation tool. Finally, Researchers present numerical results that validate the feasibility of the proposed technique. The proposed protocol achieves significant improvement in terms of network lifetime and provides improved performance energy efficiency for WSN.

A novel scheme for energy-efficient bridge layer in sensor-cloud

<span>Recently, Sensor-Cloud has been widely utilized in various domains, providing real-time monitoring and remote observations. The sensory data is collected from different heterogeneous WSNs, uploaded to the cloud, virtualized, and served for many user applications. However, the survivability of the physical sensors is a challenge, where the nodes are battery-powered and must be utilized wisely. The need is to extend their lifetime and, thus, ensuring cloud functionality and user satisfaction. In this paper, we address the energy-efficiency of the physical sensors in the Sensor-Cloud paradigm. We propose a new scheme based on layered architecture, in which data transmitted to the cloud through a multi-hop routing. The new scheme introduces a novel algorithm to define a set of nodes called the bridge layer, receiving data from the cluster-head-layer and forwards to the sink node layer. Nodes in the bridge layer are selected according to their final score defined based on their energy-efficiency and distance-efficiency as given by the algorithm. Thus, ensuring a robust layer that helps in reducing the transmission energy and extending overall network lifetime. Our simulation results show an improved performance of our scheme over the scenario without the bridge layer, in terms of several parameters we considered.</span>