Differences of Palatal Rugae Patterns between Chinese and Indian Female

Palatal rugae are irregular protrusions that are anatomically located on the anterior maxillary mucous membrane, on each side of the median palatal raphe next to the posterior incisor papilla. The aim of this research was to determine the differences of palatal rugae pattern between Chinese and Indian females. This study was descriptive by using the observation method to a total of 50 female samples consisted of 30 Chinese and 20 Indian using purposive sampling. Impressions of the upper jaws were taken and cast with dental stone. The palatal rugae pattern was identified according to Martin dos Santos classification. The most frequent palatal rugae pattern in Chinese females is curve form (41.00%), followed by line form (23.85%) and sinuous form (15.90%). On the other hand, Indian females mostly have sinuous form (28.83%), followed by line form (23.93%) and curve form (20.25%). Thus, there is a difference between palatal rugae pattern between Chinese and Indian females which is the curve forms is more common in Chinese females while the sinuous forms is more common in Indian females.

Light Interception and the Growth of Pastures under Ideal and Stressful Growing Conditions on the Allegheny Plateau

Pasture-based livestock production is impacted by management and weather. In pastures, there is conflict between leaf retention for plant growth and leaf harvest for animal nutrition. Defoliated pastures with low light interception (LI) may have a low forage growth rate (FGR), while excessive growth shades leaves, reducing FGR and resulting in an S-shaped regrowth curve. To optimize production, it is best to keep FGR linear. Three studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of management and weather on FGR. Replicated pastures were used to measure FGR when grazed from 25 to 10 cm and allowed to regrow. The impact of alternative defoliation timings and intensities on FGR were studied using clipped treatments at three recovery intervals and two stubble heights. Variability in FGR was studied using a field validated plant growth model. Of the 24 growth periods studied, two displayed exponential, 12 linear and 10 linear-plateau growth. There was no effect of FM on growth curve form. In May and June, LI increased with canopy height, up to 0.93. Stubble height and days of growth impacted FGR with an interaction. There was no treatment impact on root density. Weather caused variation in FGR. A low FGR risk occurs at high elevations; greater risk occurs east of the plateau.

Harmonal Variations in Rutual Period in Male Dromadaire (Camelus dromedarius) at Niono’s Agronomic Research Station in Mali

Dromedary farming is one of the important strategies for adapting to climate change in Mali. Nevertheless, controlling dromedary reproduction is still a great challenge for its production enhancement. The present study, which aims to improve knowledge on the male dromedary reproduction physiology, was conducted on Niono Ranch Agronomic Research Station, from December 13, 2014 to February 06, 2015. It focused on 5 males including 1 adult aged 9-10 years and 4 peri-pubescent aged 4 to 5 years. Blood sample was taken in dry tubes after puncture of the jugular vein as follows: 1) in the dominant male, one sample per day in the absence of females in heat and three samples per day in the presence of females in heat were taken; 2) in the non-dominant males, blood sample was taken daily. Thus, 155 samples were collected from the 5 male dromedaries. Blood samples collected were site centrifuged and the serums obtained were kept in a thermoelectric cooler between 4 - 6°C and then transported for storage at -20°C. ELISA Sandwich method was applied to analyze blood samples using the testosterone specific luteinizing hormone (LH) kits. Serum concentrations obtained were 40.17 ± 3.95pg / ml of testosterone and 2.48 ± 0.38 mIU/ml of LH in dominant males against 20.15 ± 1.84pg / ml of testosterone and 1.09 ± 0.18 mIU/ml LH in non-dominant males. Testosterone and LH variations experienced similar evolution in a saw tooth curve form. Hormonal concentration rate influences the fear and aggression reactions that govern social rank. This hormonal rate concentration increases during intense sexual activities both in the dominant and the non-dominant males who attend a mating. This study laid out foundations for the male dromedary management in a camels herd.

Smooth trajectory planning methods using physical limits

In order for robots to be operated in a variety of environmental conditions, a smooth motion trajectory to goal point is needed in accordance with actuators specifications of the robot. In this paper, a conventional cubic polynomial method for symmetric curve (S-curve) trajectory planning is extended to the smooth (infinitely differentiable and continuous) symmetric and asymmetric curve (AS-curve) trajectory planning derived from a smooth jerk function. In other words, the proposed methods are able to generate the trajectory as S/AS-curve form as well as to satisfy several physical limits such as jerk limit, acceleration limit, and velocity limit. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is shown through comparative studies with existing method.

Curve Form Design of Accelerated Loading Track

The curve type track is used in designing of Accelerated Loading Test System (ALT). The loading vechicle is will produce a greater impact and noise when running on the curve of the track, which will reduce the efficiency and accuracy of the experiments. The design requirements, criteria and design methods of the rail curve are proposed. Contrast the centripetal force, the horizontal component force and the jerk of special curves, the final design chosed elliptic curve as curve type of ALT track.

The Trees Skeleton Extraction Based on Point Cloud Contraction

To achieve the trees three dimensional simulation, the most critical step is to extract the trees skeleton. This paper focuses on the point cloud contraction-based skeletal extraction algorithm, uses neighbors to build a transformation matrix, extract a discrete point set approximated to the real skeleton by Laplacian contraction, and constructs a 1D curve skeleton with the help of a weighted undirected graph and edge collapse algorithm. 1D curve form is more easy to operate, guide the reconstruction of three-dimensional model, solve the problem of incomplete data in the process of modeling .