Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Seledri (Apium graveolens L.) Pada Perlakuan Beberapa Media Tanam dan Pupuk Organik Cair

This research aims to determine the role of planting media and organic fertilizer to the growth and yield of celery plants. This research was conducted at Gampong Lancang Barat District Dewantara Regency of North Aceh, with height of place more about 5 m asl with flat condition (average) Implementation of research from March until June 2015. This study used Factorial Randomized Block Design. 2 Factors studied: Planting media factor (M), consisting of 4 levels: M0: soil (5 kg) M1: soil + manure (3:2) M2: soil + sand (3:2) M3: soil + ash husk (3:2). The organic liquid fertilizer (P) factor consists of 3 levels: P0: without fertilization P1: the application of liquid organic fertilizer as much as 2 cc / liter of water P2 the application of liquid organic fertilizer as much as 4 cc / liter of water. Thus there are 12 treatments in repeated three times, so that obtained 36 units of experiment. The results showed that planting media had significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, number of midrib, length of stem at 15, 30, 45 and 60 HST, leaf area, wet and dry weight. Growth and best results were found in soil media treatment with a mixture of husk ash (M3). Organic fertilizers have a very significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, number of midrib, length of stem at 15, 30, 45 and 60 HST, leaf area, wet and dry weight. Growth and best results are found in the application of liquid organic fertilizer as much as 4 cc / liter of water (P2). There is an interaction between plant media treatment and organic fertilizer application on plant height, leaf number, midrib, mid-length at age 15, 30, 45 and 60 HST, leaf area, wet and wet weighting. The best interaction is found in soil media treatment with a mixture of husk ash and liquid organic fertilizer as much as 4 cc / liter of water (M3P2).

Laju Tumbuh Umbi Tanaman Kentang Varietas Granola dan Supejohn di Dataran Medium dengan Pemulsaan

<p><em>ABSTRACT</em></p><p><em>Research on growth rate of two cultivars of potato c.v. <del cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></del><ins cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></ins>Granola and Supejohn at medium altitude using mulching methods was conducted at Paslaten village, Subdistrict <del cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></del><ins cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></ins>of West Langowan, District of <ins cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></ins>Minahasa,<del cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></del> North Sulawesi. Research location was at medium altitude of 750 m above sea level. The objectives of this research were to determine growth rate of potato<del cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></del> tuber grown at medium altitude and the most suitable mulch. The research was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two treatments and three replications. The first factor was potato cultivars (Granola and Supejohn) and second factor was mulching methods (no mulch, straw mulch and black silver plastic). Research result showed that straw mulch treatment increased growth rate of Granola and Supejohn cultivars 0.87 g plant^-1day^-1 and 0.73 g plant^-1day^-1, respectively while black silver plastic treatment only increased the growth rate of Granola and Supejohn cultivars 0.70 g plant^-1day^-1and 0.59 g plant^-1day^-1, respectively. The highest tuber dry weight was achieved by straw mulch. The best treatment was Granola grown in straw mulch. The lowest growth rate occurred at the mulch treatment which were 0.49 g plant^-1day^-1 for Granola <del cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></del><ins cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></ins>cultivar and 0.47 g plant^-1day^-1 for Supejohn <del cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></del><ins cite="mailto:Windows%207" datetime="2016-10-31T15:25"></ins>cultivar.</em></p><p><strong><em></em></strong><em>Keywords: black silver plastic mulch, dry weight, growth rate, potato, straw mulch </em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em></em>ABSTRAK</p><p>Penelitian tentang laju tumbuh tanaman kentang dengan 2 (dua) varietas yaitu <em>Granola</em> dan <em>Supejohn</em> di dataran medium dengan menggunakan mulsa dilakukan di Desa Paslaten, Kecamatan Langowan Barat, Kabupaten Minahasa Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Lokasi penelitian berada di dataran medium dengan elevasi 750 m di atas permukaan laut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan besarnya laju tumbuh umbi tanaman kentang yang dikembangkan di dataran medium dan jenis mulsa yang paling sesuai. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 2 (dua) faktor dan 3 (tiga) ulangan yaitu faktor I tanaman kentang (varietas <em>Granola</em> dan <em>Supejohn</em>) dan faktor II yaitu perlakuan mulsa (tanpa mulsa, mulsa jerami dan mulsa plastik hitam perak). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan mulsa jerami meningkatkan laju tumbuh umbi pada varietas <em>Granola</em> sebesar 0.87 g tanaman^-1 hari^-1 dan varietas <em>Supejohn</em> sebesar 0.73 g tanaman^-1 hari^-1. Perlakuan mulsa plastik hitam perak meningkatkan laju tumbuh umbi pada varietas <em>Granola</em> sebesar 0.70 g tanaman^-1 hari^-1 dan varietas <em>Supejohn</em> 0.59 g tanaman^-1 hari^-1. Bobot kering umbi tertinggi dicapai oleh mulsa jerami. Perlakuan terbaik ialah varietas <em>Granola</em> yang diberi mulsa jerami. Laju pertumbuhan terendah terdapat pada perlakuan tanpa mulsa sebesar 0.49 g^-1 hari^-1 untuk kultivar <em>Granola</em> dan 0.47 g^-1 hari^-1 untuk <em>Supejohn</em>.</p><p>Kata kunci: bobot kering, kentang, laju tumbuh, mulsa jerami, mulsa plastik hitam perak</p>

Seasonal dynamics of dry weight, growth rate and root/shoot ratio in different aged seedlings of Salix caprea

Willows (e.g. Salix caprea L.) are deciduous and richly branched shrubs or small trees. Salix caprea shows a high adaptability to different habitat conditions. One way of evaluating this adaptability is to measure willow biomass and production. Young plants of S. caprea were sampled from the bottom of an artificial lagoon in which sediments removed from the local Vajgar fishpond were deposited. The bottom of the lagoon was overgrown by vegetation dominated by seedlings of the willows S. caprea and S. aurita. Willows grew in the lagoon at average density of 58 plants per m2. The biomass production and growth of S. caprea were determined for 15 samples (collected from 315 individuals) during the growing season. Annual net dry matter production in the whole community was estimated for 2.7 kg m−2. Willows are generally considered to be fast-growing plants. The highest RGR of willows recorded by us was 0.03 to 0.04 g g−1 d−1 both in the stems and roots. This value was often recorded from July to August.

Papaya Fruit Growth, Calcium Uptake, and Fruit Ripening

The uptake of Ca by `Sunset' papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit and its role in ripening was studied. The highest mesocarp Ca uptake rate occurred in fruit that were <40 days postanthesis when fruit transpiration was probably highest. Ca uptake rate by the mesocarp was low, from 60 to 80 days postanthesis when fruit fresh and dry weight increased. Mesocarp Ca uptake rate increased again from 100 to 140 days postanthesis when fruit fresh weight growth rate declined and dry weight growth rate increased. Mesocarp Ca concentration did not significantly differ from the peduncle to the blossom end. although Ca was significantly higher in the outer than inner mesocarp at the fruit equator. Mesocarp Ca concentration fluctuated significantly throughout the year ranging from 68 to 204 μg·g-1 fresh weight (FW). Soil Ca application did not always increase fruit mesocarp Ca concentration, while K and N fertilization decreased mesocarp Ca concentration. Attempts to increase mesocarp Ca concentration by spraying CaCl2 onto papaya fruit during growth and by postharvest vacuum infiltration and dipping of the cut peduncle into CaCl2 were unsuccessful. Mesocarp Ca concentration was positively correlated to the firmness of ripe papaya fruit and the rate of softening of mesocarp plugs. Less correlation was found between fruit firmness and the ratio of Ca concentration to K or Mg concentration, or to Mg plus K concentrations. Mesocarp Ca concentration of 130 μg·g-1 FW or above was associated with slower fruit softening rate than fruit with a lower concentration.

Direct-Seeded Kentucky Coffeetree Seed Tolerance to Preemergent Herbicides

Various soil types (loamy and sandy soils) were seeded with Kentucky coffeetree, treated with preemergent herbicides and grown in the greenhouse to determine their effect on seedling survival and growth. Tested were Lasso (alachlor) at 2.2 (2.0), Tenoran 50W (chloroxuron) at 2.2 (2.0), Dacthal (DCPA) at 11.2 (10.0), Eptam (EPTC) at 4.5 (4.0), Devrinol (napropamide) at 1.1 (1.0), Ronstar (oxadiazon) at 4.5 (4.0) and Tolban 4E (profluralin) at 0.6 (0.5) kg ai/ha (lb ai/a). All treatments tested allowed acceptable survival (82%) and height or dry weight growth.

Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Growth and Development in Conventional and No-Tillage Corn (Zea mays)

Monoculture velvetleaf had greater dry weight, growth rate, leaf area index, and height than velvetleaf grown in association with conventional or no-tillage corn. Velvetleaf planted 5 weeks after corn had significantly lower dry weight, leaf area index, and height compared to velvedeaf planted at the same time as corn. The combination of interference from corn and delayed planting caused a significant reduction in velvetleaf population at the end of the season, delayed the date of 50% velvetleaf flowering, increased the number of days required for 50% flowering, and reduced the number of capsules per plant. Velvetleaf dry weight/hectare and leaf area index increased as plant population increased. Velvetleaf dry weight, leaf area, capsules, and seed/plant decreased as plant density increased. There were no differences in vegetative or reproductive growth between velvetleaf grown in conventional or no-tillage areas.

Selection against sprouting damage in wheat. II.* Harvest ripeness, grain maturity and germinability

Examination of grain development in two white-grained (non-dormant) and two red-grained (varying dormancy) wheat genotypes has clarified concepts of maturity with respect to grain dehydration, harvest ripeness, embryo maturity, base α-amylase activity and dry weight growth. Each maturity trait had a different pattern of development. The net level of grain maturity at harvest ripeness depended on the relative progress of the maturation traits at the time at which harvest ripeness was defined. Harvest ripeness is defined as the first attainment of 12½% moisture during primary dehydration of the grain, this being closely related to fitness for harvest. The effects of adopting other definitions of harvest ripeness (at 17½% and 20% grain moisture) are discussed. Significant differences amongst genotypes in development patterns, temporal placement, and harvest ripeness level were found in each maturity trait, and the differences were not parallel across traits. Differences in maturation did not coincide with differences in putative dormancy or grain colour. Results indicated that grain maturation was a multi-faceted process, with flexible synchronizations amongst maturation traits at any point in time, such as at harvest ripeness. Germination tests or a-amylase assays on progeny grain samples, at some time after harvest ripeness, measure differences in maturity as well as putative differences in dormancy. Interpretation only in terms of dormancy could be misleading. Adjustment for immaturity is discussed. ____________________ *Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 28: 583 (1977).

Effects of Spacing on Cowpea Genotypes in Papua New Guinea

SUMMARYThe effects of populations of 33,000–250,000 plants/ha on growth and grain yield of two cowpea genotypes of bush growth habit was studied in lowland Papua New Guinea. The optimum economic seed rate seems to be 100,000 plants/ha; increasing the plant population decreased pods/plant and lateral branch development, but increased seed number/pod. Genotype UV.53 yielded more than UV.19 due to a combination of all three yield components, and a large dry weight. Growth analysis showed that treatment effects were mediated by differences in growth between 8 weeks and harvest.