Joint origins of speech and music: testing evolutionary hypotheses on modern humans

How music and speech evolved is a mystery. Several hypotheses on their origins, including one on their joint origins, have been put forward but rarely tested. Here we report and comment on the first experiment testing the hypothesis that speech and music bifurcated from a common system. We highlight strengths of the reported experiment, point out its relatedness to animal work, and suggest three alternative interpretations of its results. We conclude by sketching a future empirical programme extending this work.

Urban Rooftop Farming – Model for Sustainable Vegetable Production and Environmental Well-being

Background: Urban rooftop farming is a form of urban agriculture. Due to the scarcity of agricultural land in urban areas, rooftop farming is becoming popular in many countries. An experiment was conducted to grow herbs and vegetables in a small and sustainable urban rooftop farm in Nagpur city, India and the various ecological benefits of this form of urban agriculture were studied.Methods: The experiment was conducted on a 230 sq ft rooftop area from July 2019 to March 2020. Environment friendly cultivation methods employed in the study include pest management by cultural means to produce pesticide-free vegetables, conversion of household green waste into compost for augmentation of soil nutrients and the use of harvested rain water and greywater for irrigation.Result: The experiment resulted in the production of 61.7 kg of pesticide-free vegetables from an area of 230 sq ft using sustainable farming methods. Apart from this, the various ecological benefits obtained from the experiment point to the fact that sustainable urban rooftop farming can be an innovative means to promote urban agriculture without harming the environment.

Effects of low levels of mannanoligosaccharides in feed on growth and intestinal salmonella reduction in juvenile rainbow trout (Ocorhynchus mykiss)

Low levels of added mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) in the feed for juvenile rainbow trout significantly promote growth rate, food conversion and overall culture results. Three levels of added MOS: 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15% were incorporated in commercial pelleted feed and fed three and later two times per day. The experiment started with juveniles of 48?2.1 grams and lasted 90 days. The best growth result was obtained with the smallest (0.05%) MOS level, if compared to the control group and 0.1% and 0.15% MOS supplemented feed. The growth was improvedby11.5% with 0.05% MOS. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.29 was found with 0.05% MOS supplement compared to 1.54 in the control group. FCR in 0.1% and 0.15% MOS treatments was 1.46, also significantly better than in the control group. The experiment shows that 0.05% MOS in trout feed is not fully successful in total elimination of salmonella colonies from fish intestine. But this is achieved with 0.1% MOS after only 30 days of experiment. The results of experiment point that smaller levels of MOS, if compared to previous research, are beneficial for rainbow trout juvenile culture.

The Study of High Pressure Pulse Circuit in Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing

This text mainly introduced the high pressure pulse circuit within the ultrasonic nondestructive testing system.Up on the circuit principle and imitate experiment,point studied the selection of capacitance,resistance parameter impact to tansmit circuit.Propose the low DC.power supply scheme,and solved the problem that the structure of circuit is complicated and cost higher,the disadvsntage is at the laboratory,such as use and search.

Collaborative-Adversarial Pair Programming

This paper presents a study called collaborative-adversarial pair (CAP) programming which is an alternative to pair programming (PP). Its objective is to exploit the advantages of pair programming while at the same time downplaying its disadvantages. Unlike traditional pairs, where two people work together in all the phases of software development, CAPs start by designing together; splitting into independent test construction and code implementation roles; then joining again for testing. An empirical study was conducted in fall 2008 and in spring 2009 with twenty-six computer science and software engineering senior and graduate students at Auburn University. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups (CAP/experimental group and PP/control group). The subjects used Eclipse and JUnit to perform three programming tasks with different degrees of complexity. The results of this experiment point in favor of CAP development methodology and do not support the claim that pair programming in general reduces the software development duration, overall software development cost or increases the program quality or correctness.

Using to Determine Inhaled Contaminant Volumes and Blower Effectiveness in Several Types of Respirators

This experiment was conducted to determine how much contaminant could be expected to be inhaled when overbreathing several different types of respirators. These included several tight-fitting and loose-fitting powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) and one air-purifying respirator (APR). CO2was used as a tracer gas in the ambient air, and several loose-and tight-fitting respirators were tested on the head form of a breathing machine. CO2concentration in the exhaled breath was monitored as well as CO2concentration in the ambient air. This concentration ratio was able to give a measurement of protection factor, not for the respirator necessarily, but for the wearer. Flow rates in the filter/blower inlet and breathing machine outlet were also monitored, so blower effectiveness (defined as the blower contribution to inhaled air) could also be determined. Wearer protection factors were found to range from 1.1 for the Racal AirMate loose-fitting PAPR to infinity for the 3M Hood, 3M Breath-Easy PAPR, and SE 400 breath-responsive PAPR. Inhaled contaminant volumes depended on tidal volume but ranged from 2.02 L to 0 L for the same respirators, respectively. Blower effectiveness was about 1.0 for tight-fitting APRs, 0.18 for the Racal, and greater than 1.0 for two of the loose-fitting PAPRs. With blower effectiveness greater than 1.0, some blower flow during the exhalation phase contributes to the subsequent inhalation. Results from this experiment point to different ways to measure respirator efficacy.

PEMBUATAN PUPUK BOKASHI DARI SAMPAH LINGKUNGAN BERDASARKAN RANCANGAN PERCOBAAN CAMPURAN YANG OPTIMUM PADA MODEL PERMUKAAN MULTIRESPON

Environment waste arround ITS college such as waste of Trembesi leaves, Sono leaves, and Satintail at this research will be used as part of materials of Bokashi fertilizer producing. The first aim of this research produced Bokashi fertilizer in various proportion waste of Trembesi leaves, Sono leaves, and Satintail with other materials proportion which has been assumed to be constant based on development of optimum mixture design of multiresponse surface theory by D-optimum criterion. The second aim of this research was compared 5:3:1:1 composition from reference to 5:2:1:2 composition from researcher hypothesis with proportion of waste of Trembesi leaves, Sono leaves, and Satintail as independent variables to N, P, and K percentation as response variables. Optimum mixture designs of multiresponse surface model will be optimum if it weighted w = 1 / qs means the each point of experiment will be given s-replications as much as proportion number of experiment point to number of component. The 5:2:1:2 and 5:3:1:1 compositions of Bokashi fertilizer producing are not statistically difference, therefore both compositions can be used to produce Bokashi fertilizer.

An Analytical Visual Representation of Non-Rectangular Deep Space Structures

Architecturally speaking, space structures refer to the “deep” totality of the built space not only to its envelope. Designed architectural space is, so far, predominantly structured according to rectangular geometry. The premise of this paper is that a major reason for the popularity of rectangular space structuring is the limited capacity designers have had, until recently, to visualize the high complexity of non-rectangular space structures. The paper describes an experiment designed to compare emerging Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CADD), procedures with traditional procedures applied in an architectural design study using a non-rectangular polyhedral geometry. The findings of the experiment point out that computer-aided visualization can generate a more efficient and more convenient procedure to address, in practical design terms, non-rectangular deep space structures. However, the efficiency of such procedures is conditioned by a close collaboration between architects and computer scientists.