Prediction of the variability of noise emissions from construction sites using Monte-Carlo simulation

Noise emissions from construction sites are inherently unsteady. Noise emissions vary due to many causes, including the noise sources frequently changing in location, orientation, the types of activities they perform, and the acoustic shielding due to structures and/or terrain. The noise that arrives at receivers from construction site equipment can fluctuate over all time scales, from seconds to hours, days, months or years. Prediction of noise levels typically assumes either a "worst-case" approach in which all noise sources are assumed to be operating simultaneously, or by predicting an "energy-average" (Leq) level over a long time period. In the latter case, an energy-average (Leq) noise level is predicted at receivers, based on the anticipated percentage utilisation of the various noise sources on the construction site - that is, the fraction of time that each item of equipment is operating or not during the averaging time period. This paper presents a method that may be used to estimate the variability of noise emissions from the site and the corresponding noise immissions at receivers using the Monte-Carlo simulation method. Using this method, the expected minimum, maximum, percentiles and energy-average (Leq) noise immission levels at receivers can be predicted.

Characterization of a Two-Photon Quantum Battery: Initial Conditions, Stability and Work Extraction

We consider a quantum battery that is based on a two-level system coupled with a cavity radiation by means of a two-photon interaction. Various figures of merit, such as stored energy, average charging power, energy fluctuations, and extractable work are investigated, considering, as possible initial conditions for the cavity, a Fock state, a coherent state, and a squeezed state. We show that the first state leads to better performances for the battery. However, a coherent state with the same average number of photons, even if it is affected by stronger fluctuations in the stored energy, results in quite interesting performance, in particular since it allows for almost completely extracting the stored energy as usable work at short enough times.

DOPANT EFFECT ON PHENALENE BANDGAP CONTROL: A HÜCKEL MOLECULAR ORBITAL PERSPECTIVE

In this study, we investigate the effects of nitrogen and boron dopants on the properties of phenalene/phenalenyl systems based on the Hückel theory by using the Hueckel Molecular Orbital software. The dopants configurations are graphitic, pyridinic, and pyrrolic. The electronic configuration of bare phenalene confirms the delocalization of π electrons and the radical properties of the molecule, which is in good agreement with the results of previous studies. Dopant types and positions strongly affect the number of π electrons in the system, molecular orbital energy, total energy, average π-electron energy, and gap energy. The molecular energy level degeneracy strongly depends on the rotational symmetry of the system, in the order of graphitic, pyridinic, and pyrrolic. A preserved radical behavior and the number of π electrons are found for the pyridinic dopant type, while closed electronic configuration is observed for graphitic and pyrrolic types. A lower gap energy is typically found for B-doped phenalene compared to that for N-doped phenalene; this opens the possibility for the enhancement of photoluminescence intensity. This study, although qualitative, confirms the effects of dopants on the chemical and physical properties of phenalene/phenalenyl systems.

Analysis of Piezoelectric Sensors in Adulteration of Bovine Milk Using the Chromatic Technique

Sensors applied in the food industry are important tools for quality control. Current analyses checking adulteration in milk are expensive and time consuming, because the samples need to be evaluated in a laboratory environment. Thus, is important to develop methodologies and sensors to monitor milk production. A common type of fraud is performed adding substances such as sodium hydroxide in order to increase the shelf life of milk. In this study, we propose to use low-cost piezoelectric diaphragms transducers to implement a methodology that identifies milk adulteration using the mechanical waves propagation method (vibration and acoustic emission). Two piezoelectric diaphragms were used, the first was excited by a chirp signal with 1 V of amplitude and a frequency band since 0 to 65 kHz with 2 Hz of step, and concomitantly acquired the response signal of the second sensor installed in the opposite side of the actuator with a rate of 250 kHz. After acquiring the data, these were processed using the chromatic technique, which extracts three features: energy, average band and equivalent bandwidth, in order to classify the raw and the contaminated milk through clustering. The experimental results indicated that the methodology can differentiate between raw and contaminated milk with 1% of sodium hydroxide. Therefore, the results reported in this study indicate that low-cost piezoelectric diaphragms are promising for liquids quality control.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY ESTIMATION IN RICE PACKING WITH PACKING VARIATIONS PER UNIT PRODUCTION

One of packing energy was an energy efficiency which has been an activity of Rice Milling Factory (RMF) consisted of packing energy. Energy eficiency was a process to optimalize’s energy using. The main purpose of this research was to get a comparative data of packing energy and to analyze’s energy eficiency that connected with packing energy. Average of packing energy Small Capacity of Rice Milling Factory (SCRMF)10,55 kJ/kg with load capacity 3,069,19 kg/day consisting of: mean of human energy as handling 10,45 kJ/kg with load capacity 1,754,35 kg/day, machine energy mean Packing 0.10 kJ/kg with a load capacity of 1314.84 kg/day. Average of packing energy Medium Capacity of Rice Milling Factory (MCRMF) wass 10,59 kJ/kg with load capacity 7,585.14 kg/day which consisted of: mean of human energy as handling (complement) there was 10,45 kJ/kg with load capacity 3,946,48 kg/day, Packaging machine 0.14 kJ/kg with load capacity 3,638.66 kg/day. The average of packing energy Large Capacity of Rice Milling Factory (LCRMF) of was 10,59 kJ/ kg with load capacity 8,531,31 kg/day which consisted of: human energy as handling (complement) was 10,45 kJ/kg with load capacity 3,582,55 kg/day, Packaging machine was 0.14 kJ/kg with load capacity 4,948,76 kg/day. Based on analysis of packing energy was gotten a conclusion that the average of packing energy SCRMF was 10,55 kJ/kg which was lower than the average of packing energy MCRMF was 10,59 kJ/kg, the average of MCRMF was packing energy equal to average packing energy LCRMF wass 10,59 kJ/kg.

The Effect of Quality of Salts Solution on Adsorption and Release of Phosphorus from Soil

A lab experiment has been carried out using a low content of lime soil treated with saline solutions of chlorides of calcium, magnesium, and sodium, and different rates 100/0, 50/50, and 0/100 of calcium, magnesium, and sodium applied on one concentration of 50 meq.l-1. Phosphorus is added in five concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100) ppm. Treatments were lab incubated for 90 days, then desorption isotherms of phosphorus are studied through Langmuir equation applications. Released phosphorus is studied. Results show an increase in the average of bonding energy in the treatment of single cat ion where it is (1, 0.68, 0.75) ml.µgP-1 of Ca, Mg, and Na treatments respectively. Also, bonding energy average of mixed cat ions (0.34, 0.20, 0.55) ml.µgP-1 of Ca/Mg, Mg/Na, and Ca/Na treatments of 50/50 rate where the maximum adsorption average are (Xm) at (4000., 188.4, 3030 .) µgP.gm Soil-1 of single cat ions of calcium, magnesium, and sodium. While when there is a pair of cat ions, they are (322, 526, 1000) µgP.gSoil-1 of Ca/Mg, Mg/Na, and Ca/Na of 50/50 rates, where the average released phosphorus of Ca, Mg, and Na are (29.1, 54.7, and 51.8)µgP.gm Soil-1 respectively, while released phosphorus of pair cat ions are (62.90, 73.90, 57.03) µgP.gm Soil-1 of Ca/Mg, Mg/Na, and Ca/Na respectively.

A Genetic Algorithm for Task Scheduling on NoC Using FDH Cross Efficiency

A CrosFDH-GA algorithm is proposed for the task scheduling problem on the NoC-based MPSoC regarding the multicriterion optimization. First of all, four common criterions, namely, makespan, data routing energy, average link load, and workload balance, are extracted from the task scheduling problem on NoC and are used to construct the DEA DMU model. Then the FDH analysis is applied to the problem, and a FDH cross efficiency formulation is derived for evaluating the relative advantage among schedule solutions. Finally, we introduce the DEA approach to the genetic algorithm and propose a CrosFDH-GA scheduling algorithm to find the most efficient schedule solution for a given scheduling problem. The simulation results show that our FDH cross efficiency formulation effectively evaluates the performance of schedule solutions. By conducting comparative simulations, our CrosFDH-GA proposal produces more metrics-balanced schedule solution than other multicriterion algorithms.

Dispersion Parameters of Copper Sulphate Doped PMMA

Films of PMMA and copper sulphate doped PMMA have been prepared by casting method. Absorbance and transmittance spectra were recorded in the wavelength range (300-900) nm in order to calculate, single oscillator energy, dispersion energy, average oscillator strength, the refractive index at infinite wavelength, M-1 and M -3 moments of the optical spectra, it was found that all these parameters were effected by doping.