Public Policy and Youth Employment: An Empirical Study of Cameroon's Experience

The aim purpose of this paper is to assess the contribution of public policies on youth employment in Cameroon. To do this, we used the multinomial Logit model that is being followed up for our employment equation. The maximum probability method is the estimation technique used and applied to data extracted from the EISS database (2011). Three main results emerge from this study: (1) young people who wish to self-employment do not have adequate training and the technical and financial support offered to them by the government is insufficient; (2) the incentives proposed by the State to private operator to encourage them to recruit young people do not always contribute to this objective and (3) the massive recruitments carried out by the State fail to pay off all unemployed young people. In this situation, the Cameroonian state should further strengthen the professionalization of training and, above all, guide training offers in the areas that present opportunities in our country. It also needs to strengthen the facilities afforded to private companies to encourage them to recruit more young people. We also suggest that the Cameroonian government provide more technical and material support to young people who are seeking it and, on the other hand, to raise more funds for the bankable projects presented by these Last.

Quantum complementarity and operator structures

We establish operator structure identities for quantum channels and their error-correcting and private codes, emphasizing the complementarity relationship between the two perspectives. Relevant structures include correctable and private operator algebras, and operator spaces such as multiplicative domains and nullspaces of quantum channels and their complementary maps. For the case of privatizing to quantum states, we also derive dimension inequalities on the associated operator algebras that further quantify the trade-off between correction and privacy.

Waste management policy and employment: the case of France

This paper examines whether a causal relationship exists between waste tonnage and employment when the waste collection is entrusted to a private operator in France (i.e. waste management policy by delegation of service). The empirical investigation is based on weekly data for four waste streams for the period from January 2015 to June 2017. Using nonstationary time series techniques including cointegration, VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) and long-run causality test of Toda and Yamamoto (1995) within a bivariate framework, the results demonstrate potential causal negative relationship between waste tonnage and employment. For three waste streams (i.e. household waste, outdoor garbage waste and miscellaneous waste), the results suggest that waste management practices that aim at entrusting the collection and treatment to a private operator (i.e. waste management by delegation of service) are not economically beneficial to society, because this policy does not favor environmental jobs creation. The paper calls for the adoption of other waste management practices to preserve employment in the waste collection sector.

Public and Private Provision of Railway Services: A Case Study from Slovakia

This article analyses a case study of passenger rail transport in Slovakia when operation of a commuter line to the capital city was changed from a public operator to a private one. This change brought about significant changes in the organisation of services. The private operator RegioJet introduced new rolling stock, a regular and more frequent timetable, peak and off-peak pricing, and additional on-board services. The results were remarkable, with passenger ridership increasing by 156% in 3 years. The article aims to compare the performance of public and private operators on this line in order to identify the reasons for the increased ridership. A customer survey was conducted and passengers were asked questions about their former and present travel behaviour. Based on data from the survey, a logit model was estimated in order to identify the factors behind increased usage and satisfaction. The results indicate that all passengers most highly valued the speed and comfort of the rail services. The new passengers valued highly reliability and quality of the improved service. These factors appealed especially to women, students, and car owners who were newly attracted to rail commuting.

The Transfer of Development Rights for the Regeneration of Brownfield Sites

The redevelopment of brownfield sites requires the involvement of the skills and resources of the private operator for the technical risks associated with the transformation and the high financial commitments. In the current scarcity of public resources, among the most widely used schemes there is one that provides development rights of equivalent value to locate on the areas to recover in order to compensate the amounts incurred by the private investor. The model developed and tested in this paper deals with this theme. It produces a wide range of possible urban parameters to attribute to the regenerated areas, upon which it is possible to develop the negotiation between the public and private sectors in order to define the solution to be implemented. The experimental results of the model highlight the usefulness of activating regeneration initiatives, and in particular of contaminated sites.

Results of the Perm Sewage System Reconstruction. The Second Stage of Biological Treatment Reconstruction

The results of the local authorities and a private operator «Expansion and reconstruction of the Perm sewage system» joint project are represented in this work. The reconstruction scheme of an aeration tank for nitri-denitrification technology is given. The analysis of aerated sand separations, primary and secondary sediment bowls, and aeration tank performance on removal of polluting substances is made. The waste waters treatment efficiency of the biological treatment facilities is shown.

Governance, business models and restructuring water supply utilities: recent developments in Ontario, Canada

Many municipal governments are currently confronted with the need to restructure water supply systems. This paper examines how municipalities are restructuring water supply utility management in the province of Ontario (Canada), which has recently experienced significant and rapid legislative and regulatory reform in the water sector. The paper analyses restructuring in six different municipalities (Hamilton, Kingston, Peel, Peterborough, Toronto and York). It identifies six distinct business models adopted as an outcome of the restructuring process (delegated management to a private operator, corporatization of services provision, delegated management to a public operator, a municipal commission, a municipal ‘business unit’ and a municipal department) and examines the different approaches to governance adopted during the restructuring process. The case study is conceptualized through a discussion of the governance and restructuring challenges faced by municipalities. As municipalities are often confronted with a bewildering array of business models, governance frameworks and contract types when engaging in a review of restructuring options, the paper situates the analysis of the Ontario case within a general survey of business models for networked water supply. The paper concludes with a discussion of “lessons learnt” relevant to municipalities and higher orders of government when engaging in restructuring of networked water supply provision.