Relevance of Regional Lymph Node Invasion in Radical Hepatectomy and Lymphadenectomy for Alveolar Echinococcosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background Hepatic Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is also known as worm cancer, parasitic cancer, and it often invades the regional lymph nodes of the liver. The present study was to investigate the clinical value of radical hepatectomy and lymphadenectomy in AE patients. Methods Our study enrolled consecutive AE patients who underwent radical hepatectomy with removal the regional lymph nodes between January 2009 and April 2019. Patients with inflammatory lymph node enlargement was included in group A, and patients with AE lymph node invasion were included in group B. The clinical characteristics, survival and recurrence rates were compared.Results A total of 103 patients were enrolled group A, and 24 in group B. Preoperative computed tomography showed that the lymph node positivity rate in group B was 70.8% while that in group A was 43.7% (p=0.017). The lymph node diameter was 1.8±0.9 cm in group A vs 2.5±1.1 cm in group B (p=0.004), and the lymph node number (p=0.035) and lymph node location (p=0.001). A total of 10 patients (7.9%) had recurrent lesions, and 6 patients (4.7%) died (P>0.05). Conclusions lymph node diameter, number, and distance from the liver were important characteristics for describing lymph node invasion. There was no difference in the long-term efficacy of lymphadenectomy between patients with lymph node enlargement and those with invasion.

PERENCANAAN SISTEM PERPIPAAN AIR BERSIH KELURAHAN ABADI JAYA KECAMATAN SUKMAJAYA KOTA DEPOK

<p>Kebutuhan air bagi manusia selalu meningkat dari waktu ke waktu, bukan saja karena meningkatnya jumlah manusia yang memerlukan air tersebut, melainkan juga karena meningkatnya intensitas dan ragam dari kebutuhan akan air. Hal ini dikarenakan pertambahan jumlah penduduk akibat arus urbanisasi. Tercatat banyak penduduk Kota Depok pada tahun 2013<br />mencapai 1.962.160 jiwa, sedangkan pada tahun 2014 mencapai 2.033.508 jiwa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh jumlah kebutuhan air bersih bagi masyarakat dan memperoleh perencanaan jaringan pipa air bersih. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pemodelan jaringan<br />distribusi air dengan memasukan data primer yang berupa node, debit masuk/keluar dari reservoir, panjang pipa dalam sistem, elevasi node, diameter pipa, dan data-data lain, dan pengolahan<br />data dengan program Aplikasi Epanet 2.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Jumlah penduduk 10 tahun kedepan mencapai 50.218 jiwa, dan untuk <br />proyeksi kebutuhan air yaitu kebutuhan air domestik, non domestik, dan kehilangan air mencapai 17,196 liter/detik, kebutuhan air harian maksimum mencapai 19,775 liter/detik, kebutuhan<br />air jam puncak mencapai 30,093 liter/detik. perencanaan melalui software Epanet 2.0 dimulai dengan memasukan data input yang berupa background, Junction memiliki elevation yang<br />berbeda-beda dan kebutuhan air 17,196, untuk pipa memiliki panjang 100 m, berdiameter 500mm, dan nilai kekasaran 100, reservoir memiliki total head 95,sedangkan pompa memiliki curva yang <br />memiliki flow 30,haed 20, tangki air memiliki kapasitas penampungan 5m<br />3. Data yang keluar (output) dari software epanet 2.0 berupa demand, haed, pressure, flow, haedloss, friction factor, time<br />hours, dan graph Selection.</p>

Karakterisasi Kangkung (Ipomoea reptans) Varietas Sutera Berdasarkan Panduan Pengujian Individual

<p>Characterization of kangkung variety Sutera was carried out in Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI), Experimental Garden, Lembang 1.250 m asl, West Java. The objective of this study was to identify and compare the important characters of kangkung Sutera variety and Mahar variety. Experimental design used was randomized complete block design, with three replication. Each entry consist of 90 plants/ plot. The result of the experiment shown that seven of 31 characters belong to Sutera were different to Mahar variety. Those phenotype are includes length of node, diameter of the 5th to the 7th node, shape of leaf attach to the stem, the length of expanded leaf, The length of leaf petiole, shape of flower margin, and the stigma.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Karakterisasi kangkung Sutera telah dilaksanakan di Kebun Pecobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang (1.250 m diatas permukaan laut), Jawa Barat. Tujuan dari pengujian ini adalah untuk mengkarakterisasi varietas Sutera menggunakan acuan Panduan Pengujian Individual (PPI) dengan pembanding varietas Mahar. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan, dan setiap petak ditanami 90 tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan tujuh karakter antara varietas Sutera dengan varietas Mahar. Ketujuh karakter tersebut adalah panjang ruas, diameter ruas ke-5, 6, dan 7, bentuk bagian daun yang melekat pada batang, ukuran daun dewasa, panjang tangkai daun, bentuk tepi bunga, dan posisi kepala putik.</p>

Ultrasound evaluation of the morphometric patterns of lymph nodes of the head and neck in young and middle-aged individuals

Objective: To show the morphometric patterns of lymph nodes of the head and neck, evaluating their number, shape, dimensions, hilum, and cortex, through the use of ultrasound examination of the neck. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 400 right and left lymph nodes in a group of 20 healthy young and middle-aged individuals of both genders. Results: In the ultrasound examination, we observed the following lymph nodes: mastoid; parotid (superficial, extraglandular, and intraglandular); submandibular (preglandular, retroglandular, and intracapsular); submental; and cervical (anterior and posterior). Although some individuals had up to seven lymph nodes in the same region, most had only two to three per region. The smallest lymph node diameter observed was 0.4 cm, and the largest was 2.7 cm. Most lymph nodes showed an elongated or oval shape. Most of the lymph node hila were echogenic, although a few were hyperechoic. However, the cortex was clearly hypoechoic in all of the lymph nodes evaluated. Conclusion: Ultrasound examination of healthy individuals allowed the characteristics of the lymph nodes of the head and neck to be observed clearly, which could provide a basis for the analysis of patients with diseases of these lymph nodes.

Efficacy of Bortezomib Plus CHOP Combination Therapy on Angioimmunoblastic T Cell Lymphoma: Clinical Results in Three Patients

Objectives:To investigate the efficacy and safety profile of bortezomib (VELCADE) plus CHOP combination therapy (V-CHOP) on angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL). Patient information and Methods:All three patients were male with a mean age of 51.3 y/o (40–63). One patient was chemo-naïve and the other two suffered from refractory or relapsed disease. The clinical manifestation included progressive superficial lymphadenectasis (bilateral lymph nodes of the neck, supraclavicular, axillary, inguinal) and lymphadenectasis of the deep lymph nodes (mediastinal and celiac lymph nodes). The largest lymph node diameter under B ultra-sound for the three patients were 1.1cm*1.1cm A1.8cm*1.5cm and 1.6cm*1.7cm respectively. The patients also had fever, splenohepatomegalia and serous cavity effusion. As for the two refractory/relapsed patients, their former chemotherapy included CHOP, ICE, E-CHOP, FLAG. But their diseases continued to progress despite of three times and twelve times of chemotherapy as well as local radiotherapy respectively. The chemotherapy used to treat these patients was V-CHOP (Bortezomib 1.6mg/m2 on Day1and 8; cytoxan 75mg/m2 on Day 1, adriamycin 60mg/m2 on Day 1, vincristine 1.4mg/m2 on Day 1, prednisone 100mg on Day 1, 2, 3, 4 and Day 5) ( 21 days for each cycle). The efficacy of the therapy was determined by Revised Response Criteria for Malignant Lymphoma(2007 by American Society of Clinical Oncology) Gthe adverse events were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria, version 3.0 (NCI CTCAE V3.0)and the dosage adjustments were made in compliance with the grading. Results:(Efficacy) After two cycles of V-CHOP, the chemo-naïve patient withdrew from the study for disease progression while the two refractory/relapsed patients returned to normal body temperature with the disappearance of serous cavity effusion and splenohepatomegalia. These two patients also had &gt;50% decrease of the largest lymph node diameter and achieved partial response (PR). After a further 4 cycles of maintenance V-CHOP therapy, the two patients maintained PR with the duration of response of 6 months and 9 months respectively (by Aug, 2008, still going on). (Adverse Events)Hematological toxicity: leucocytopenia and thrombocytopenia of Grade 3–4 in all 3 subjects (100%), recovering after G-CSF and platelets infusion.Non-hematological toxicity: weakness of Grade 1–2 (100%), neuropathy of Grade 1 (33%), recovered spontaneously without treatment; herpes zoster reactivation(33%, after 4 cycles of V-CHOP), recovered after anti-virus therapy and supportive treatment. Conclusion:V-CHOP was utilized to treat three patients with refractory/relapsed AITL. One patient withdrew for lack of response while the other two patients achieved PR after the initial 2 cycles of treatment with the duration of response of more than 6 months. These results suggest the V-CHOP, at least for some refractory/relapsed AITL patients, can induce quality and rapid response which can last for a relatively long time. The adverse events are often mild to moderate and resolved spontaneously or after supportive treatment.

Detection of normal mediastinal lymph nodes by ultrasonography

Purpose: the detection by US (ín contrast to CT) of lymph nodes of any size in the mediastinum is usually considered to be a pathological finding. the aim of this study was to find out whether it was possible to detect normal lymph nodes by high-resolution mediastinal US Material and Methods: Six different mediastinal regions in 80 healthy asymptomatic volunteers and in 20 human cadavers were examined by means of US (with colour Doppler imaging) to assess US access to the respective regions and to demonstrate the number and size of detectable lymph nodes. All the cadaveric lymph nodes that were detected were examined histologically to exclude inflammatory or malignant infiltration Results: in almost all subjects, we obtained US access to the supra-aortic (100%), paratracheal (95%), prevascular (99%), and pencardial (98%) regions, and to the aorticopulmonary window (98%). US access to the subcarinal region was more difficult (75%). in the healthy subjects, lymph nodes were detected in the paratracheal region (in 35% of these subjects, mean lymph-node diameter 12×7 mm), in the aorticopulmonary window (45%, 14×8 mm), and in the subcarinal region (13%, 13×7 mm). in the cadavers, histologically normal lymph nodes were detected frequently in the paratracheal region (85%, mean size 11×6 mm) and in the aorticopulmonary window (90%, 11×5 mm) Conclusion: These results indicate that normal lymph nodes (and not only pathological lymph nodes) can be demonstrated by high-resolution mediastinal US

RESPONSE OF REPEATED 2,4-D SPRAYS ON THE NODE DIAMETER, INTERNODE LENGTH AND CARBOHYDRATES IN THE CANES AND COLD HARDINESS OF CONCORD GRAPE BUDS

Field grown high and low vigor Vitis labruscana cv, Concord grapevines were sprayed with 2,4-D amine in concentrations of 0, 2.5, 10 and 25 ppmw at 1st leaf; 1st and 3rd leaf; 1st, 3rd and 5th leaf and 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th leaf stages of vine growth for two consecutive years. Cane and bud samples were collected for determining node diameter, internode length, carbohydrates in the canes, and T50 of buds. Data on yield and vegetable growth were also collected. There were significant differences among treatments in the node diameter and cold hardiness of buds (T50) both in high and low vigor vines. Repeated applications of 2,4-D reduced the cane diameter significantly but the carbohydrates in the canes were not affected. When 2,4-D symptoms were severe in July, yields were reduced by as much as 85%, but there was slight or no reduction in yield when symptoms were not severe.