Morphometric analysis of the drainage network in the Vitosha Mountain (preliminary results)

The aim of the following case study is to analyze quantitatively the drainage network in the Vitosha Mountain, SW Bulgaria. Drainage network is outlined from topographic maps and extracted from digital elevation model (DEM). Several morphometric parameters are calculated – drainage density, channel-segment frequency, total stream length, etc. Hierarchy of tributaries and main rivers is also discussed.

Research on the impact of ship traffic flow on the restricted channel segment of the middle Yangtze River based on traffic wave theory

Abstract On the basis of the influence of dry season on ship traffic flow, the gathering and dissipating process of ship traffic flow was researched with Greenshields linear flow—density relationship model, the intrinsic relationship between the ship traffic congestion state and traffic wave in the unclosed restricted channel segment was emphatically explored when the ship traffic flow in a tributary channel inflows, and the influence law of multiple traffic waves on the ship traffic flow characteristics in unclosed restricted segment is revealed. On this basis, the expressions of traffic wave speed and direction, dissipation time of queued ships and the number of ships affected were provided, and combined with Monte Carlo method, the ship traffic flow simulation model in the restricted channel segment was built. The simulation results show that in closed restricted channel segment the dissipation time of ships queued is mainly related to the ship traffic flow rate of segments A and C, and the total number of ships affected to the ship traffic flow rate of segment A. And in unclosed restricted channel segment, the dissipation time and the total number of ships affected are also determined by the meeting time of the traffic waves in addition to the ship traffic flow rate of segments. The research results can provide the theoretical support for further studying the ship traffic flow in unclosed restricted channel segment with multiple tributaries Article Highlights The inflow of tributaries' ship traffic flows has an obvious impact on the traffic conditions in the unenclosed restricted channel segment. The interaction and influence between multiple ship traffic waves and the mechanism of generating new traffic waves are explained. The expression of both dissipation time of queued ships and the total number of ships affected in the closed and unclosed restricted channel segment are given.

Multi-Center Validation Study of Automated Classification of Pathological Slowing in Adult Scalp Electroencephalograms Via Frequency Features

Pathological slowing in the electroencephalogram (EEG) is widely investigated for the diagnosis of neurological disorders. Currently, the gold standard for slowing detection is the visual inspection of the EEG by experts, which is time-consuming and subjective. To address those issues, we propose three automated approaches to detect slowing in EEG: Threshold-based Detection System (TDS), Shallow Learning-based Detection System (SLDS), and Deep Learning-based Detection System (DLDS). These systems are evaluated on channel-, segment-, and EEG-level. The three systems perform prediction via detecting slowing at individual channels, and those detections are arranged in histograms for detection of slowing at the segment- and EEG-level. We evaluate the systems through Leave-One-Subject-Out (LOSO) cross-validation (CV) and Leave-One-Institution-Out (LOIO) CV on four datasets from the US, Singapore, and India. The DLDS achieved the best overall results: LOIO CV mean balanced accuracy (BAC) of 71.9%, 75.5%, and 82.0% at channel-, segment- and EEG-level, and LOSO CV mean BAC of 73.6%, 77.2%, and 81.8% at channel-, segment-, and EEG-level. The channel- and segment-level performance is comparable to the intra-rater agreement (IRA) of an expert of 72.4% and 82%. The DLDS can process a 30 min EEG in 4 s and can be deployed to assist clinicians in interpreting EEGs.

Topographic effects on the initial establishment and growth of pine trees as a riparian vegetation after debris flow-induced disturbance in a mountain stream

<p>On July 15, 2006, heavy rainstorm-triggered debris flow destroyed mature riparian forests and altered the channel geomorphology along the Hangye stream, Mt. Seorak National Park, Republic of Korea. We examined the effect of the topographic site condition on the initial establishment and growth of pine trees (<em>Pinus densiflora</em>) as one a dominant species of riparian vegetation along transects on new debris flow terraces formed along the Hangye stream. In the 2019 field investigation, the tree age and internode length of all <em>P. densiflora</em> seedlings were measured in each 25-m<sup>2</sup> plot placed at 5-m intervals for a total of 19 cross-section lines marked by a topographic survey using an auto level. For data analysis, stream channel morphology was classified into two typical types: a single channel segment with only the main channel (type A; total of 14 cross-section lines) and divergent channel segment with the main and several secondary channels (type B; total of 5 cross-section lines). The height (Hq) and distance (Dq) of each surveyed plot from the thalweg line of the main channel were considered as topographic site conditions with reference to the establishment and growth of riparian vegetation. As a result, the mean Hq and mean Dq were all greater in plots with the appearance of pine trees than in those without in both type A and type B segments, showing statistical significances at the 1% level. This study also showed that the mean age and mean annual growth rate of <em>P. densiflora</em> seedlings were positively correlated with Hq in type A segments but not in type B segments. Dq showed no correlation with the mean age and mean annual growth rate of <em>P. densiflora</em> seedlings in both type A and type B segments. These results demonstrate that the initial establishment and growth of riparian vegetation were affected by the height above the channel bed associated with the flood frequency and divergent flood flows.</p><p> </p><p>Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2017R1C1B5076781).</p>

Finite Element Analysis of Cold Formed Steel Channel Columns with Complex Edge Stiffeners and Web Holes using Abaqus

The present theory work means to think about the numerical examination on models of channel segment with middle and complex edge stiffeners and web gaps under pivotal pressure. A wide scope of parameters, for example, slimness proportion, spine width and thickness have been considered in the investigation. An aggregate of 12 channel models with various parameters, for example, length, thickness and rib width are reenacted. The limited component non-direct examination program ABAQUS V6.14-2 is utilized to reproduce the models. The material properties are acquired from Coupon test. Component type utilized in this non-straight examination is SHELL. A Static, Riks step is utilized to complete examination. The Failure modes, extreme burden and the pressure conveyance around web gaps are inquired about. The relocation parts in every augmentation of burden along X, Y and Z bearings and Rotation segment about X course are gathered. The Von-Mises pressure forms, Deformed shapes and disappointment modes including nearby, horizontal distortional and parallel torsional clasping modes are acquired. The pivotal burden limits of pressure individuals with various parameters are looked at.

Omni-channel users and omni-channel customers: a segmentation analysis using distribution services

Purpose Consumers are increasingly combining distribution channels, thus displaying so-called omni-channel behavior, both to complete a given purchase and between purchases. The authors make a distinction between omni-channel customers, who make use of distribution services in both channels and omni-channel users, who make partial use of the distribution services of one channel to support purchases in another. This paper aims to identify the omni-channel behavior among the customers of a global fast fashion retailer dealing in a wide range of apparel and clothing accessories. Design/methodology/approach Using a multinomial logit model, the authors perform a customer segmentation based on observed omni-channel behavior, considering the explanatory roles of demographics, distribution service features and customer service policies across the different retail channels. Findings The authors observe that the key retail channel features for explaining omni-channel customer behavior are product accessibility, both in store and online; the assurance that goods purchased online will satisfy the customer’s needs and expectations; and the option to return goods found unsatisfactory. Practical implications The results clearly show that the nature of the visits and purchases made by customers is determined by various components of the companýs customer service policy, which can, therefore, be used to guide the retailer’s segmentation strategy. Originality/value Future lines of research should explore the economic implications of this customer segmentation. The price perception data emerging from our findings suggest a greater sensitivity to prices in the mono-channel segment, which might be worth exploring in future research. Future research Future lines of research should explore the economic implications of this customer segmentation. The price perception data emerging from our findings suggest a greater sensitivity to prices in the mono-channel segment which might be worth exploring in future research.

Clothing Retail Channel Use and Digital Behavior: Generation and Gender Differences

<p><em>This study examined whether selecting certain retail channels to purchase clothing reflects generational and gender preferences as well as their digital behavior. Based on 1000 consumer cases from a Cornell National Social Survey conducted in 2012, this study employed correspondence analysis to segment clothing retail channel groups and relate the segments to generational cohorts and gender. Overall, the majority of Gen Y, Gen X, and Baby Boomer male consumers preferred the store-only channel, while the majority of female consumers of these generations liked the digital-only or digital-store channel for purchasing clothing. On the other hand, both male and female seniors liked catalogs (either digital-catalog or catalog only) for purchasing clothing. In addition, ANOVA was run with generation and gender as the independent variables and digital behaviors as the dependent variables. Results provided strategic information on how to target each clothing channel segment using the digital behavior of different generations and gender. </em></p>

PROJEVY ZDROJOVÝCH OBLASTÍ SEDIMENTŮ V ZRNITOSTNÍM SLOŽENÍ KORYTOVÝCH AKUMULACÍ VODNÍCH TOKŮ V RELIÉFU BUDOVANÉM FLYŠOVÝMI HORNINAMI

The character of bed sediments reflects fluvial processes and the dynamics of material transport in fluvial (dis)continuum systems. The approach in this study was based on the measurement of the five largest boulders located within a channel, and on the observation of changes in their size in the longitudinal profi le of headwater streams Kobylská and Pulčínský potok. All three axes (dimensions) of the five largest boulders were measured at 10 ± 1m intervals of the longitudinal profile. The resulting trends in a particle-size index reflect the character of sediment delivery into the channel segment. The largest boulders were observed in channel sections with a strong interaction of slope processes. But local lithological conditions affect changes of the mean value of the particle-size index of the largest boulders. The role of slope processes can be accentuated by the presence of uniform sandstone lithology of the studied bed particles. In the lithology built by claystone layers the role of slope processes has problematic identification. The main reason is erodible character of claystone layers which affects sediment supply of finer particles from adjacent slopes into the channel segment.

Water Resource Analytical Method of the Coastal Tidal River Network with Sluice Gates

Regarding the characteristics of water intaking living example, unusual water supply calculation is performed.The water resource analysis methods of the coastal tidal river network with sluice gates are discussed.one and two dimensional coupled mathematical model is used to calculate design low flow and water level line in a tidal cycle of the channel. The design low water level of the channel is determined by correlation analysis. The channel segment between the sluice gates is treated as a reservoir, the storage is controlled and calculated by water level of the sluice gate in each moment.Available water supply is got by water use taking off.