Towards Staining Independent Segmentation of Glomerulus from Histopathological Images of Kidney

This paper introduces a detection-based framework to segment glomeruli from digital scanning image of light microscopic slide of renal biopsy specimens. The proposed method aims to better use the precise localization ability of Faster R-CNN and powerful segmentation ability of U-Net. We use a detector to localize the glomeruli from whole slide image to make the segmentation only focus on the most relevant area of the image. We explored the effectiveness of the network depth on its localization and segmentation ability in glomerular classification, and then propose to use the classification network with enhanced ability of localization and segmentation to construct and initialize a segmentation network. We also propose a weakly supervised training strategy to train the segmentation network by taking advantage of the unique morphology of the glomerulus. Both strong initialization and weakly supervised training are used to resolve the problem of insufficient and inaccurate data annotations and enhance the adaptability of the segmentation network. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework is effective and robust.

Identifikasi Aspergillus fumigatus pada Sputum Pasien Suspek TB Paru

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can attack various organs especially the lungs. In some cases, there is a misdiagnosis between pulmonary tuberculosis and pulmonary mycosis (lung fungus). One of the species of fungus that often causing infection in the lungs is Aspergillus fumigatus.This study aims to identify Aspergillus fumigatus in sputum patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis patients at General Hospital in Baubau City. The types of research is descriptive with accidental sampling technique. Research was carried out by examining the BTA status of patients using the GeneXpert device and the patients sputum were isolated into Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium then examined in macroscopic and microscopic (slide culture). Result of the study of 27 samples sputum patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis in Baubau Town Hospital obtained patients who infected Aspergillus fumigatus fungus amounted to 3 people with 2 including identified fungi with positive BTA status. Conclusion patients infected with Aspergillus fumigatus amounted to 3 people (7.4%) and 2 people (3.4%) identified fungi with positive pulmonary tuberculosis

An accidental finding of a demodectic mite on a slide: Demodex folliculorum (Simon) (Acari: Demodecidae)

This paper presents accidental occurrence of a human skin mite, Demodex folliculorum (Simon) (Acari: Demodecidae), on a microscopic slide in Turkey.

Remote Controlling and Monitoring of Microscopic Slides

Remotely controlled microscopic slide was designed using especial Graphical User Interface (GUI) which interfaces the user at remote location with the real microscope using site and the user can easily view and control the slide present on the microscope’s stage. Precise motors have been used to allow the movement in all the three dimensions required by a pathologist. The pathologist can easily access these slides from any remote location and so the physical presence of the pathologist is now made easy. This invention would increase the health care efficiency by reducing the time and cost of diagnosis, making it very easy to get the expert’s opinion and supporting the pathologist to relocate himself for his work. The microscope is controlled with computer with an attractive Graphical User Interface (GUI), through which a pathologist can easily monitor, control and record the image of a slide. The pathologist can now do his work regardless of his location, time, cost and physically presence of lab equipment. The technology will help the specialist inviewing the patients slide from any location in the world. He would be able to monitor and control the stage. This will also help the pathological laboratories in getting opinion from senior pathologist who are present at any far location in the world. This system also reduces the life risks of the patients.

Influence of chamber type integrated with computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) system on the results of boar semen evaluation

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of different types of chambers used in computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) on boar sperm concentration and motility parameters. CASA measurements were performed on 45 ejaculates by comparing three commonly used chambers: Leja chamber (LJ), Makler chamber (MK) and microscopic slide-coverslip (SL). Concentration results obtained with CASA were verified by manual counting on a Bürker hemocytometer (BH). No significant differences were found between the concentrations determined with BH vs. LJ and SL, whereas higher (p<0.01) values of this parameter were obtained with MK. Compared to MK and SL, significantly higher values were recorded in LJ for velocity (VCL and VAP) as well as amplitude of the lateral head displacement (ALH) and beat cross frequency (BCF), which was associated with significantly higher percentages of motile, progressively motile and rapidly progressive motile spermatozoa. Higher values for the linearity (LIN) and straightness (STR) of sperm movement were obtained for the analysis performed in MK and SL. In both these chambers, the results of all the linearity and kinetic parameters of sperm were similar (p>0.05). The results obtained show that CASA assessment of boar semen should account for the effect of counting chamber on the results of sperm motility and concentration, which confirms the need for further study on standardizing the automatic analysis of boar semen.

Membaca Al Fatihah Reflektif Intuitif untuk Menurunkan Depresi dan Meningkatkan Imunitas

This study aimed to reduce depression and increase immunity through training of reading of the reflective intuitive Al-Fatihah. Researchers used an experimental method with pretest-posttest control group design. Each experimental group and control group consisted of 10 students of Islamic Boarding School. To measure stress degree, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) was used. Immunity was measured with microscopic slide method using hematology analyzer. Quantitative analysis was done through a mixed design anova statistical test. The results showed that the training could reduce depression (F=15.34, p

Biopsy and Tissue Processing Artifacts in Oral Mucosal Tissues

ABSTRACT Artifact refers to an artificial structure or tissue alteration on a prepared microscopic slide—the result of an extraneous factor. It can result in alteration of normal morphologic and cytologic features that may occur as a result of the way the tissue has been handled, right from the time the biopsy, which is surgically obtained till the entire histopathological procedures of fixation, processing, embedding, sectioning and staining are performed on it. The procedures themselves subject to human and material errors resulting in an artifact may interfere with an adequate diagnosis or render the tissue to be undiagnosable. The present review provides in depth knowledge on the mismanagement of tissue during different biopsy sampling techniques and various processing procedures leading to the appearance of artifacts. Such familiarization in turn will contribute to knowledge of the material and instruments required for correct biopsy performance in dentistry, as well as of the material required for correct sample storage, transport and processing thereby necessitating stringent precision in technique at every step to enable an accurate diagnosis. How to cite this article Kumar K, Shetty DC, Dua M. Biopsy and Tissue Processing Artifacts in Oral Mucosal Tissues. Int J Head Neck Surg 2012;3(2):92-98.