Hot WHIM counterparts of FUV O VI absorbers: Evidence in the line-of-sight towards quasar 3C 273

Aims. We explore the high spectral resolution X-ray data towards the quasar 3C 273 to search for signals of hot (∼106−7 K) X-ray-absorbing gas co-located with two established intergalactic far-ultraviolet (FUV) O VI absorbers. Methods. We analyze the soft X-ray band grating data of all XMM-Newton and Chandra instruments to search for the hot phase absorption lines at the FUV predicted redshifts. The viability of potential line detections is examined by adopting the constraints of a physically justified absorption model. The WHIM hypothesis is investigated with a complementary 3D galaxy distribution analysis and by detailed comparison of the measurement results to the WHIM properties in the EAGLE cosmological, hydrodynamical simulation. Results. At one of the examined FUV redshifts, z = 0.09017 ± 0.00003, we measured signals of two hot ion species, O VIII and Ne IX, with a 3.9σ combined significance level. While the absorption signal is only marginally detected in individual co-added spectra, considering the line features in all instruments collectively and assuming collisional equilibrium for absorbing gas, we were able to constrain the temperature (kT = 0.26 ± 0.03 keV) and the column density (NH × Z⊙/Z = 1.3−0.5+0.6 × 1019 cm−2) of the absorber. Thermal analysis indicates that FUV and X-ray absorption relate to different phases, with estimated temperatures, TFUV ≈ 3 × 105, and, TX − ray ≈ 3 × 106 K. These temperatures match the EAGLE predictions for WHIM at the FUV/X-ray measured Nion-ranges. We detected a large scale galactic filament crossing the sight-line at the redshift of the absorption, linking the absorption to this structure. Conclusions. This study provides observational insights into co-existing warm and hot gas within a WHIM filament and estimates the ratio of the hot and warm phases. Because the hot phase is thermally distinct from the O VI gas, the estimated baryon content of the absorber is increased, conveying the promise of X-ray follow-up studies of FUV detected WHIM in refining the picture of the missing baryons.

Magnetic field at a jet base: extreme Faraday rotation in 3C 273 revealed by ALMA

Aims. We studied the polarization behavior of the quasar 3C 273 over the 1 mm wavelength band at ALMA with a total bandwidth of 7.5 GHz across 223–243 GHz at 0.8′′ resolution, corresponding to 2.1 kpc at the distance of 3C 273. With these observations we were able to probe the optically thin polarized emission close to the jet base, and constrain the magnetic field structure. Methods. We computed the Faraday rotation measure using simple linear fitting and Faraday rotation measure synthesis. In addition, we modeled the broadband behavior of the fractional Stokes Q and U parameters (qu-fitting). The systematic uncertainties in the polarization observations at ALMA were assessed through Monte Carlo simulations. Results. We find the unresolved core of 3C 273 to be 1.8% linearly polarized. We detect a very high rotation measure (RM) of (5.0 ± 0.3) × 105 rad m−2 over the 1 mm band when assuming a single polarized component and an external RM screen. This results in a rotation of >40° of the intrinsic electric vector position angle, which is significantly higher than typically assumed for millimeter wavelengths. The polarization fraction increases as a function of wavelength, which according to our qu-fitting could be due to multiple polarized components of different Faraday depth within our beam or to internal Faraday rotation. With our limited wavelength coverage we cannot distinguish between the cases, and additional multifrequency and high angular resolution observations are needed to determine the location and structure of the magnetic field of the Faraday active region. Comparing our RM estimate with values obtained at lower frequencies, the RM increases as a function of observing frequency, following a power law with an index of 2.0 ± 0.2, consistent with a sheath surrounding a conically expanding jet. We also detect ~0.2% circular polarization, although further observations are needed to confirm this result.

Kinetic waves - dynamics of light propagation

An in-depth analysis of the dynamics connected to the Doppler-effect brings clear light to elements of contradiction with the original ground on which the axiom of the constancy of lightspeed was based. Thereby, with regard to electromagnetic phenomenology, the duality waves/particles and the wavy dynamic of light-propagation suggest the existence of a natural kind of waves, which differently from the classic ones, are originating by kinetic thrust and propagating, also though vacuum, by inertial force. The model taken into consideration, to which has been given the name of “kinetic waves” is, like the classic one, a concretely existing natural phenomenon which can also be visually perceived if produced on molecular scale. Moreover kinetic waves seem to offer many more points of similarity, in dynamic and behavior, with the electromagnetic waves, than the classic model. Applying the obtained results on the astrophysical field, taking as example the quasar 3C-273, the recently found, most far galaxy GN-z11 and the galaxy NGC 224 (better known as Andromeda), can mathematically and concretely be sustained that none of the energy sources we optically perceive, showing a Doppler-shift, nor is approaching nor regressing. In the appendix, a suggested and accurately described experiment on base of Radar Astronomy to possibly confirm the validity of the model presented by this article.

The Sequence of Events that led to the 1963 Publications in Nature of 3C 273, the First Quasar and the First Extragalactic Radio Jet

We have undertaken a detailed investigation, based on the available evidence, of the sequence of events that led to the historical discovery of the first quasar, 3C 273.

Research on Kinetic Waves and Applications

The duality waves/particle and the dynamic of propagation of electromagnetic emanations suggest the existence of a natural kind of waves, which differently from de classic ones, are originating by kinetic thrust and propagating, also though vacuum, by inertial force. The model taken into consideration, to which has been given the name of “kinetic waves” is, like the classic one, a concretely existing natural phenomenon which can also be visually perceived if produced on molecular scale. Results suggest, by giving consistent mathematical proof, that kinetic waves offer many more points of similarity, in dynamic and behavior, than the classic ones, which were taken, since the discovery of electromagnetic waves, as basic model.Applying the obtained results relatively to this model, to the astrophysical red-shift, taking as example the quasar 3C-273 and the recently found, most far galaxy GN-z11, we could find a mathematical sustainable and logic answer about still unsolved problems with regard to the origin and the dynamic of the universe.In the appendix, a suggested and accurately described experiment on base of Radar Astronomy to possibly confirm the validity of this model.