Evaluation of older persons’ medications: a critical incident technique study exploring healthcare professionals’ experiences and actions

Background Older persons with polypharmacy are at increased risk of harm from medications. Therefore, it is important that physicians and nurses, together with the persons, evaluate medications to avoid hazardous polypharmacy. It remains unclear how healthcare professionals experience such evaluations. This study aimed to explore physicians’ and nurses’ experiences from evaluations of older persons’ medications, and their related actions to manage concerns related to the evaluations. Method Individual interview data from 29 physicians and nurses were collected and analysed according to the critical incident technique. Results The medication evaluation for older persons was influenced by the working conditions (e.g. healthcare professionals’ clinical knowledge, experiences, and situational conditions) and working in partnership (e.g. cooperating around and with the older person). Actions taken to manage these evaluations were related to working with a plan (e.g. performing day-to-day work and planning for continued treatment) and collaborative problem-solving (e.g. finding a solution, involving the older person, and communicating with colleagues). Conclusion Working conditions and cooperation with colleagues, the older persons and their formal or informal caregivers, emerged as important factors related to the medication evaluation. By adjusting their performance to variations in these conditions, healthcare professionals contributed to the resilience of the healthcare system by its capacity to prevent, notice and mitigate medication problems. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that a joint plan for continued treatment could facilitate such resilience, if it articulates what to observe, when to act, who should act and what actions to take in case of deviations from what is expected.

Millimetre Wave Communication with Spatial Division Multiplexing for 5G systems

The point of this paper is to combination of spatial division multiplexing (SDMA) along with NOMA improves the performance of the system. This paper is done with multibeam forming for performance enhancement, Analog beam forming is done along with the digital beam forming to increase the spectral efficiency and also the user count increases so that we could able to achieve high throughput. In this paper the design problems of mm wave NOMA due to beamforming is focused so that achievable data rate is high. This is due to the number of RF chains. We analyses the demanding joint plan of the intertwined power distribution and client matching for mm Wave-SDMA. Some problems are talked about and a few arrangements are proposed in detail in mm Wave communications.

CRIMINAL ASSOCIATION IN INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW

The criminal association was a criminal offense of the Joint Plan and Conspiracy, or a special form of Crime against Peace, which was highlighted as such in the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials. In the recent practice of international criminal courts, this institute is used in a certain way, but its function is often subordinated to political abuses. By labeling certain political regimes as a “criminal association” by the so-called international political elites are provided with a wide margin of maneuver to justify their “humanitarian interventions” which are the consequence of a common criminal goal. From the middle of the 20th century until today, it is possible to identify violations of international law that occurred as a result of the activities of a criminal association, which continues with increased intensity. If the covert activities of real criminal associations continue, the main outcome will not be the achievement of world peace, but hegemony. In order to prevent this tendency, it is necessary to redefine the place of the Criminal Association in international criminal law, to point out the permanent cases of their actions, their subjects and the ways in which these same subjects avoid responsibility.

Husband Support Rises Women’s Awareness of Preconception Care in Northern Ethiopia

Background. Preconception care (PCC) aims to improve pregnancy and health outcomes of mothers and their offspring. However, there is no adequate evidence of awareness on preconception care in Ethiopia. Therefore, the present study was performed to assess the level of awareness and associated factors of preconception care among currently delivered mothers. Method. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 561 mothers in Northern Ethiopia. Data were collected using a pretested, structured questionnaire. Odds ratio presented with 95% confidence interval, and a p value <0.25 at bivariable and p value <0.01 at multivariable logistic regression were used to declare statistical significance. Results. 39.0% of mothers were aware of preconception care. Awareness of preconception care was lower among mothers who did not have joint plan discussion with their partner (AOR = 0.15; 95% CI (0.08, 0.28)); did not have a history of adverse pregnancy outcome (AOR = 0.45; 95% CI (0.25, 0.83)), and did not receive husband support (AOR = 0.10; 95% CI (0.05, 0.19)). Conclusion. Women’s awareness of preconception care remains low. Joint plan discussion with the partner, previous history of adverse pregnancy outcome, and husband support were statistically significant predictors of awareness of preconception care. Thus, informing and sensitizing women and advocating husband support on preconception care are needed.

Delimitation of co-perpetration from aiding and abetting in the criminal offence of robbery

Aim: Analysis of the case law related to the prosecution of the criminal offense of robbery. Robbery is a complex criminal offense committed when a perpetrator uses force against another person, as well as when they threaten to directly endanger one's life or cause physical injury, or when they seize another's movable property with the aim of misappropriating it. Methods: In selected cases, the application of main theories regarding complicity was examined and critically tested, taking into account the findings of the fact. Results: The analysis of the current case law points to the absence of clear criteria for the delimitation of complicity from aiding and abetting in the criminal offense of robbery. Criminal law theory leaves too much empty space subject to manipulation when, by mentioning substantial contribution, it refers to behaviors without which an offense could not have been committed in the planned manner. The will of the perpetrator should constitute a secondary tool to be used only in controversial, borderline situations, where the nature of the behavior not pertaining to the essence of the criminal offense, due to its character and importance within the joint plan, requires it to be equated with the perpetration act. In that regard, as the joint plan is not a term that can be fully objectified since the importance of roles within the plan can vary from one group of perpetrators to another, assessing the will of the perpetrator can be an alternative to resort to in situations where it is not possible to evaluate the quality of a behavior based on objective rules. Conclusion: Uneven case law in the evaluation of the behavior of individual participants in robbery contributes to the inequality of citizens before the law and endangers legal security – one of the foundations of the rule of law.

Pembentukan Negara Islam Pakistan: Tinjaun Historis Peran Ali Jinah

Jinnah is a supporter of Hindu-Muslim unity. He joined the All India National Congress, which became the leader of the Indian independence movement with more than 15 million members. In 1913, Jinnah decided to join the All India Muslim League. He worked for Hindu-Muslim unity through the League. Based on the results of the Muslim League Session held in Lucknow, a joint plan, known as the "Lucknow Pact", wich has many actions had finally led to divisions between Muslims and Hindus. The interests of Muslims could only be guaranteed by forming a separate state from the Hindu state in India. Ali Jinnah determination to separate Indian Muslim as known as Pakistan. The methodology used in this paper is descriptive qualitative with a literature study approach that focuses on the history of the formation of the Islamic State of Pakistan and the role of Ali Jinnah in realizing Muslim rights as a minority in India. Jinnah is a Nationalist who loves her country (India) and even the formation of Pakistan was a form of his love for India and Muslims. The formation of the Islamic State of Pakistan in the thoughts and movements and efforts undertaken by Jinnah as a form of attention to the rights of minorities and to unify the differences between Islam and Hinduism Keywords: Ali Jinnah, Pakistan, India Abstrak Jinnah adalah pendukung persatuan Hindu-Muslim, ia bergabung dengan All India National Congress. Kongres ini menjadi pemimpin gerakan kemerdekaan India dengan lebih dari 15 juta anggota pada tahun 1913, Jinnah memutuskan bergabung dengan All India Muslim League (Liga Muslim India). Ia bekerja untuk kesatuan Hindu-Muslim dari dalam Liga. Dalam pelaksanaan “Pakta Lucknow” banyak perbuatan yang akhirnya menimbulkan perpecahan antara Muslim dan Hindu. Sehingga Jinnah berupaya untuk membentuk Negara Islam Pakistan. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam paper ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka yang menitik beratkan kepada sejarah terbentuknya negara Islam Pakistan dan peran Ali Jinnah dalam mewujudkan hak-hak muslim sebagai minoritas di India. Jinnah adalah seorang Nasionalis yang mencintai negaranya (India) bahkan terbentuknya negara Pakistanpun merupakan wujud kecintaannya terhadap India dan Umat Islam. Pembentukan negara Islam Pakistan dalam pemikiran dan pergerakan serta upaya yang dilakukan oleh Jinnah sebagai bentuk perhatiannya terhadap hak-hak minoritas dan mempersatukan perbedaan antara Islam dan Hindu. Kata Kunci : Ali Jinnah, Pakistan, Negara Islam

Montenegro

At the request of the Central Bank of Montenegro (CBCG), and with the support of the IMF’s European Department (EUR), a monetary and financial statistics (MFS) technical assistance (TA) mission visited Podgorica, Montenegro during December 5–19, 2018.1 Its main objectives were to work with the authorities on: (i) compiling monetary data based on the IMF standardized report forms (SRF), 1SR and SRF 2SR, for the depository corporations (DC);(ii) reviewing the adequacy of the available data for the other financial corporations (OFCs) and preparing the ground work for the compilation of monetary data for OFCs based on the IMF standard report form, SRF 4SR; and (iii) designing a joint plan for regular reporting of monetary statistics to the IMF’s Statistics Department (STA). The mission also aimed at addressing any other methodological issues on MFS that CBCG staff may wish to raise. The mission delivered all these objectives.

The “Hallyu” phenomenon: Utilizing tourism destination as product placement in K-POP culture

This article examines the effect of the Korean pop culture phenomenon also known as “Hallyu” on the inbound tourism demand of Korea. “Hallyu” products are exported throughout Asia and have been growing over the past decade. Using a Bayesian autoregressive model, we empirically investigate the product placement effects of “Hallyu” explained by the parasocial theory of previous literature utilizing inbound tourist data and show that “Hallyu” effects are also present in the overall tourism industry of Korea. The study illustrates that product placement can be a powerful marketing strategy in the tourism industry and highlights its importance for policy makers in creating a comprehensive joint plan for the development of long-term tourism.

Iterative Planning for Deterministic QDec-POMDPs

QDec-POMDPs are a qualitative alternative to stochastic Dec-POMDPs for goal-oriented plan- ning in cooperative partially observable multi-agent environments. Although QDec-POMDPs share the same worst case complexity as Dec-POMDPs, previous research has shown an ability to scale up to larger domains while producing high quality plan trees. A key difficulty in distributed execution is the need to construct a joint plan tree branching on the combinations of observations of all agents. In this work, we suggest an iterative algorithm, IMAP, that plans for one agent at a time, taking into considerations collaboration constraints about action execution of previous agents, and generating new constraints for the next agents. We explain how these constraints are generated and handled, and a backtracking mechanism for changing constraints that cannot be met. We provide experimental results on multi-agent planning domains, showing our methods to scale to much larger problems with several collaborating agents and huge state spaces.

Social action

Most of our actions take place in a social context and are, accordingly, in one way or another, dependent on the existence of other persons and their relevant actions, social institutions, conventions, or the like (for example, saluting, voting, drawing money from one’s bank account, using lipstick, buying something). But people also perform actions jointly or collectively, to achieve some joint goal. Thus they may jointly sing a duet, play tennis, build a house, or conserve energy. This is collective social action in its most central sense. Such action is based on the participants’ mutually known joint intention (‘joint plan’) to perform it. In weaker kinds of collective social action the participants are interdependent – as to their actions or thoughts – in some other ways.