Complementing Digital Image Analysis and Laser Distance Meter in Beer Foam Stability Determination

The aim of this research is to investigate the possibility of applying a laser distance meter (LDM) as a complementary measurement method to image analysis during beer foam stability monitoring. The basic optical property of foam, i.e., its high reflectivity, is the main reason for using LDM. LDM measurements provide relatively precise information on foam height, even in the presence of lacing, and provide information as to when foam is no longer visible on the surface of the beer. Sixteen different commercially available lager beers were subjected to analysis. A camera and LDM display recorded the foam behavior; the LDM display which was placed close to the monitored beer glass. Measurements obtained by the image analysis of videos provided by the visual camera were comparable to those obtained independently by LDM. However, due to lacing, image analysis could not accurately detect foam disappearance. On the other hand, LDM measurements accurately detected the moment of foam disappearance since the measurements would have significantly higher values due to multiple reflections in the glass.

Non-Invasive Diagnostics in Acute Compartment Syndrome

Diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of the extremities is based on clinical signs with or without complementary measurement of muscle compartmental pressure. However, in cases of imminent compartment syndrome, unconscious patients or children the appropriate diagnose remains challenging. Despite all efforts to improve technical devices to objectify the signs by measurements of numerous parameters, needle compartment pressure measurement is to date accepted as the gold standard to facilitate decision making. But its invasiveness, the controversy about pressure thresholds and its potentially limited validity due to a single measurement support the need for further developments to diagnose ACS. Numerous technical improvements have been published and revealed promising new applications for non-invasive diagnostics. Since the pathology of an ACS is well characterized two approaches of measurements are described: to detect either increasing compartmental pressure or decreasing perfusion pressure. In the following, currently known investigations are reviewed and related to their pathophysiological principals, modes of clinical application, value and reliability.

Complementary measurement-induced quantum uncertainty based on metric adjusted skew information

We investigate complementary measurement-induced quantum uncertainty based on metric adjusted skew information, and propose two new measures of quantum uncertainty associated with mutually unbiased measurements and general symmetric informationally complete measurements, respectively. Based on these measures of quantum uncertainty, we present two entanglement criteria and show that they detect better entanglement than the existing corresponding criteria by detailed examples.

Incredible internal strains within a biogenic single crystal viewed by X-ray diffraction tomography

The dorsal arm plates (DAPs) of the Ophiocoma Wendtii brittle star are highly functional single crystalline biominerals whose optimized structure and nanostructure enable them to fullfill mechanical and optical functions in the organism. Here, a large DAP bulk piece is characterized by means of synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Tomography (XRDT). This non-destructive crystallographic characterization revealed an astounding feature: the presence of very high compressive strains which relax when the mineral is cracked or grinded into a powder. Thus, previous destructive characterization techniques did not allow their detection. We attribute the compressive strains to the previously identified high-Mg calcite particles, which are coherently included and thereby compress the low-Mg calcite matrix. The measured slice contained both the bulk DAP sample as well as DAP powder. The data generated by the bulk piece could be separated from those by the powder, and the latter was used to calibrate and interprete the former. This study reveals yet another awe-inspiring feature of a biogenic structure, highlights the importance of non-destructive crystallographic characterization for biominerals, and exemplifies the potential of XRDT use in studying a single crystalline material, as well as the advantage of complementary measurement of bulk and powder for data calibration and interpretation.

Status of the AugerPrime upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory has been very successful in determining many aspects of the highest-energy cosmic rays including, among others, the flux suppression at energies above 4 × 1019 eV, stringent upper limits on photon and neutrino fluxes at ultra-high energies and an unexpected evolution of the mass composition with energy. We expect an extension of the frontiers of our knowledge on these aspects from a major upgrade of the Observatory. The upgrade, known as AugerPrime, will include an addition of a 4 m2 Surface Scintillator Detector atop each water-Cherenkov station of the Surface array. The new detectors will provide us with an unprecedented opportunity to perform a complementary measurement of the shower particles and thus determine the primary mass composition with good accuracy on an event-by-event basis. AugerPrime will also include an upgrade of electronics, installation of the AMIGA Underground Muon Detector and a change of observation mode of the Fluorescence Detector, which will increase its current duty cycle by about 50%. Current status of the upgrade with the main focus on the Surface Scintillator Detectors will be presented, following a brief description of the physics motivation for the upgrade.

The Physics Potential of a Neutrino Beam from Protvino to KM3NeT/ORCA

The Protvino accelerator facility located in the Moscow region, Russia, is in a good position to offer a rich experimental research program in the field of neutrino physics. Of particular interest is the possibility to direct a neutrino beam from Protvino towards the KM3NeT/ORCA detector which is currently under construction in the Mediterranean sea 40 km offshore Toulon, France. Such an experiment, nicknamed P2O (Protvino-to-ORCA), would yield an unparalleled sensitivity to matter effects in the Earth, allowing for the determination of the neutrino mass ordering with a high level of certainty due to its baseline of 2595 km after only few years of running time at a modest beam intensity up to 100 kW. A second phase of the experiment comprizes a further intensity upgrade of the accelerator complex and a significant densification of the ORCA detector. This would allow for a competitive and complementary measurement of the leptonic CP-violating Dirac phase with a Mton detector but avoiding underground excavation costs.