KALKULASI KEBUTUHAN UDARA PEMBAKARAN PADA TURBIN GAS PG-9001A SEBAGAI PENYEDIA PANAS UNTUK PEMBANGKITAN STEAM DI HRSG B-9203A BERDASARKAN KONDISI FIRED MODE

Instalasi Kombinasi (Combyne Cylcle) adalah sebuah proses pembangkitan energi yang menggabungkan turbin gas, yang bertugas membangkitkan energi listrik dan Boiler untuk pembangkitan steam, dimana gas bekas yang keluar dari turbin gas yang masih memiliki enthalpy dan temperatur yang cukup tinggi dimanfaatkan sebagai energi atau udara pembakaran (tambahan burner) pada boiler untuk mengubah air menjadi uap (steam). Pengamatan ini bertujuan untuk menghitung seberapa besar kontribusi gas buang dari turbin terhadap efisiensi dari boiler melalui perhitungan neraca massa dan neraca energi dari gas buang dan air umpan boiler. Perhitungan kebutuhan udara pembakaran pada turbin menjadi salah satu hal yang penting guna melihat seberapa besar laju alir massa dari gas buang dan pengaruhnya terhadap pengoptimalan panas pada HRSG. Dari hasil perhitungan didapat kebutuhan udara pembakaran pada turbin sebesar 72.668,2657 Kg/h dan pada burner sebesar 3.862,6548 Kg/h, sehingga total laju aliran massa gas buang didapat sebesar 279.787,7544 Kg/h, untuk total laju aliran energi panas gas buang turbin dan burner yang diberikan terhadap HRSG sebesar 268.980.660,5674 kJ/h dengan laju aliran energi panas yang diterima HRSG sebesar 201.081.031,4 kJ/h dan besar panas yang hilang mencapai 67.899.629,1674 kJ/h. Sehingga didapatlah efisiensi HRSG berdasarkan kondisi fired mode sebesar 74,76 %.Keyword : Boiler, Burner, HRSG, Steam dan Turbin.

Recent Patents on Boiler Burners for Natural Gas

Background: With the development of natural gas and shale gas worldwide, the consumption of gas will continue to increase in the future. Natural gas is flammable and explosive, and the exhaust gas produced during the combustion of natural gas in boiler burners is one of the main sources of NOx in the air. Objective: This paper introduces patents and researches of natural gas boiler burners to improve the safety of natural gas boiler burners and reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides. Methods: In summarizing the existing boiler burner for natural gas, this paper introduces three new patents of natural gas boiler burner: the low-nitrogen burner, the energy-saving leakage-detecting burner and the small boiler burner. Results: The low-nitrogen burner identifies the fixed control of gas flow, enhances the gas flow’s antiinterference ability, and achieves a relatively accurate ratio of the fuel-air flow. The energy-saving leakage-detecting burner enhances the natural gas and air flow stability and improves combustion efficiency and the safety and reliability by optimizing the ratio of natural gas to air. The small boiler burner improves the safety and reliability of the natural gas boiler burner, prolongs the service life of the igniter, and makes up for the shortcomings of high stability in the gas pressure. Conclusion: On the basis of ensuring the safety of the burner, the low-nitrogen transformation of the boiler burner is as energy-efficient as possible in order to maximize the advantages of natural gas resources.

Experimental Study on Direct Biomass Reburning Denitrification

The performances of two species of biomass reburning processes and the effect of operating parameters on NOX removal efficiency were studied using the reburning boiler burner simulator facility. The results of the study show that there is an optimal range of denitrification for direct reburning condition in reburning reaction temperature, the stoichiometric ratio(SR),the reburning ratio, article size of biomass, the concentration of NOX in the main combustion zone. The smaller the particle size of biomass, NOX removal effect is more obvious. The best biomass denitration temperature range is 950-1050 °C and the stoichiometric ratio has a best value in different experimental conditions. When reburning ratio is in the range of 10% -15%, the particle size has greater impact on the rate of denitrification. It is beneficial for NOX removal when NOX concentration in the main combustion zone is greater than 200ppm.

Reburning of Cattle Manure-Based Biomass With Coals in a Small Scale Boiler Burner Facility for NOx and Hg Reduction

Reburning of cattle manure-based biomass (CB) with coals is performed to develop environmentally friendly thermo-chemical energy conversion technologies for NOx reductions and Hg captures and removals from existing pulverized coal-fired power plants. A small-scale (30 kWth) down-fired boiler burner facility has been used for burning most types of pulverized solid fuels including coal and biomass. Blends of CB and coals are used as reburn fuels. It has hypothesized that a major fraction of the fuel-N in the CB is released in the form of NH3 or urea. In the reburn process, therefore, it is believed that NOx produced by coal is reduced to molecular nitrogen by NH3 released from the pyrolysis of CB under slightly fuel-rich conditions. The CB also contains larger amounts of chlorine (Cl) than most types of coals. Hence gaseous mercury (Hg) in the flue gas is oxidized by large amounts of Cl species mainly from the CB combustion. Consequently, the results indicate that the CB can serve as a very effective fuel supplementing coals on NOx reductions and Hg captures and removals in pulverized coal-fired boilers. It was also found that the auto-gasification occurred during the pyrolysis due to the oxygen available in the fuel mainly helped for burning fixed carbon.