A review of π-conjugated polymer-based nanocomposites for metal-ion batteries and supercapacitors

Owing to their extraordinary properties of π-conjugated polymers (π-CPs), such as light weight, structural versatility, ease of synthesis and environmentally friendly nature, they have attracted considerable attention as electrode material for metal-ion batteries (MIBs) and supercapacitors (SCPs). Recently, researchers have focused on developing nanostructured π-CPs and their composites with metal oxides and carbon-based materials to enhance the energy density and capacitive performance of MIBs and SCPs. Also, the researchers recently demonstrated various novel strategies to combine high electrical conductivity and high redox activity of different π-CPs. To reflect this fact, the present review investigates the current advancements in the synthesis of nanostructured π-CPs and their composites. Further, this review explores the recent development in different methods for the fabrication and design of π-CPs electrodes for MIBs and SCPs. In review, finally, the future prospects and challenges of π-CPs as an electrode materials for strategies for MIBs and SCPs are also presented.

Nature-Based Biomaterials and Their Application in Biomedicine

Natural polymers, based on proteins or polysaccharides, have attracted increasing interest in recent years due to their broad potential uses in biomedicine. The chemical stability, structural versatility, biocompatibility and high availability of these materials lend them to diverse applications in areas such as tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound healing. Biomaterials purified from animal or plant sources have also been engineered to improve their structural properties or promote interactions with surrounding cells and tissues for improved in vivo performance, leading to novel applications as implantable devices, in controlled drug release and as surface coatings. This review describes biomaterials derived from and inspired by natural proteins and polysaccharides and highlights their promise across diverse biomedical fields. We outline current therapeutic applications of these nature-based materials and consider expected future developments in identifying and utilising innovative biomaterials in new biomedical applications.

Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanoplatforms for Cancer Therapy

Polymeric nanoparticles have been widely used as carriers of drugs and bioimaging agents due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural versatility. The principal application of polymeric nanoparticles in medicine is for cancer therapy, with increased tumor accumulation, precision delivery of anticancer drugs to target sites, higher solubility of pharmaceutical properties and lower systemic toxicity. Recently, the stimuli-responsive polymeric nanoplatforms attracted more and more attention because they can change their physicochemical properties responding to the stimuli conditions, such as low pH, enzyme, redox agents, hypoxia, light, temperature, magnetic field, ultrasound, and so on. Moreover, the unique properties of stimuli-responsive polymeric nanocarriers in target tissues may significantly improve the bioactivity of delivered agents for cancer treatment. This review introduces stimuli-responsive polymeric nanoparticles and their applications in tumor theranostics with the loading of chemical drugs, nucleic drugs and imaging molecules. In addition, we discuss the strategy for designing multifunctional polymeric nanocarriers and provide the perspective for the clinical applications of these stimuli-responsive polymeric nanoplatforms.

Selection of formwork systems for arrangement of monolithic columns according to the method of integer rating of laborability and process duration

The relevance of this article is related to the problem of standardization of technological processes in which there is construction equipment for concrete work. Almost all construction processes are performed using construction equipment. The arrangement of monolithic structures is accompanied by the processes of installation and dismantling of the formwork. It is impossible to make a reasonable choice of options for equipping construction processes according to the existing standard time norms. For all possible variants of column formwork, almost the same time norms are used [1]. The article considers the comparison of several formwork options for the installation of monolithic reinforced concrete columns of frame structures. To determine the duration and complexity of the process used the method of integer rationing [2], which allows taking into account even minor changes in the formwork. Calculation by this method makes it possible to select the most effective options for formwork. As a basis, this technique uses an analysis of the number of actions and responsibilities of these actions in relation to the quality of the process and its reliability. Any construction equipment is characterized by structural and technological versatility, which also affects the choice of options conditions of the process, so the article provides an analysis of these factors in terms of quality. If in the structure of the structure there are columns with different cross-sectional dimensions or heights, the preference is given to formwork options with greater structural versatility. The material of the article opens a whole direction for further research in the field of construction equipment in other processes.

Integrated structured light architectures

The structural versatility of light underpins an outstanding collection of optical phenomena where both geometrical and topological states of light can dictate how matter will respond or display. Light possesses multiple degrees of freedom such as amplitude, and linear, spin angular, and orbital angular momenta, but the ability to adaptively engineer the spatio-temporal distribution of all these characteristics is primarily curtailed by technologies used to impose any desired structure to light. We demonstrate a laser architecture based on coherent beam combination offering integrated spatio-temporal field control and programmability, thereby presenting unique opportunities for generating light by design to exploit its topology.

Porphyrin-based donor-acceptor COFs as efficient and reusable photocatalysts for PET-RAFT polymerization under broad spectrum excitation

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline and porous organic materials attractive for photocatalysis applications due to their structural versatility and tunable optical and electronic properties. The use of photocatalysts (PCs)...

Estudo teórico da formação da isatina e de seus derivados dimetoxilados pelo método Sandmeyer

Isatin has been attracted the researchers attention due the structural versatility and can be used to synthesized other molecules with pharmacological activities. The Sandmeyer method is one of the most common methods for the synthesis of this molecule. Where the reaction with from aniline with chloral hydrate and hydroxyl amine occurs with good yield. When the same reaction is performed with dimethoxylated aniline show low yield or is not observed experimentally. These observations motivate this work and the justification for these facts are given in terms of thermodynamic parameters and by the intermediaries formed during the reactions. In this study, two steps with great relevance in the synthetic route were analyzed: the nucleophilic attack and the cyclization. For this, electronic structure calculations were carried out using the functional B3LYP and the base set 6-311+G(d). In all the three cases investigated were idenfied a transition state in nucleophilic attack. This result is not reported in the literature. The energy barriers found show that this step is determinant to kinetic reaction because can be considered the slow step (barrier energy around 38 kcal mol-1). Ciclization step was highly spontaneous in all the cases studied.

Unveiling Structural Disorders in Honeycomb Layered Oxide: Na2Ni2TeO6

<b>Honeycomb layered oxides have garnered tremendous research interest in a wide swath of disciplines owing to not only the myriad physicochemical properties they exhibit, but also due to their rich crystal structural versatility. Herein, a comprehensive crystallographic study of a sodium-based Na₂Ni₂TeO₆ honeycomb layered oxide has been performed using atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy, elucidating a plethora of atomic arrangement (stacking) disorders in the pristine material. Stacking disorders in the arrangement honeycomb metal slab layers (stacking faults) occur predominantly perpendicular to the slabs with long-range coherence length and enlisting dislocations in some domains. Moreover, the periodic arrangement of the distribution of alkali atoms is altered by the occurrence of stacking faults. The multitude of disorders innate in Na₂Ni₂TeO₆ envisage broad implications in the material functionalities of related honeycomb layered oxide materials and will bolster renewed interest in their material science.</b>

Unveiling Structural Disorders in Honeycomb Layered Oxide: Na2Ni2TeO6

<b>Honeycomb layered oxides have garnered tremendous research interest in a wide swath of disciplines owing to not only the myriad physicochemical properties they exhibit, but also due to their rich crystal structural versatility. Herein, a comprehensive crystallographic study of a sodium-based Na₂Ni₂TeO₆ honeycomb layered oxide has been performed using atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy, elucidating a plethora of atomic arrangement (stacking) disorders in the pristine material. Stacking disorders in the arrangement honeycomb metal slab layers (stacking faults) occur predominantly perpendicular to the slabs with long-range coherence length and enlisting dislocations in some domains. Moreover, the periodic arrangement of the distribution of alkali atoms is altered by the occurrence of stacking faults. The multitude of disorders innate in Na₂Ni₂TeO₆ envisage broad implications in the material functionalities of related honeycomb layered oxide materials and will bolster renewed interest in their material science.</b>