Chern-Simons-Antoniadis-Savvidy Forms and Non-Abelian Anomaly

Kuat medan tensor yang ditransformasikan secara homogen terhadap perluasan transformasi gauge memenuhi bentuk sifat invarian gauge. Analisa invarian gauge dalam bantuk integeralnya memperlihatkan hubungan dengan koordinat ruang-waktu yang menunjukan bentuk baru dari topologi Lagrangian. Sifat invarian dari bentuk Pontryagin-Chern terhadap kuat medan tensor non-Abelian dan lemma Poincare dapat digunakan untuk mengkontruksi bentuk ChSAS yang menunjukan sifat quasi-invarian dibawah transformasi gauge. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa kuat medan tensor Yang-Mills dari bentuk ChSAS memilik variasi gauge anomali non-Abelian seperti pada bentuk Chern-Simons. Integrasi bentuk ChSAS menghasilkan dimensi-4, 6 dan 8 variasi gauge genap dan memperlihatkan hubungan dengan bentuk Chern-Simons dimensi-3 dan 5 untuk variasi gauge ganjil. Bentuk ChSAS memperlihatkan variabel lebih kompleks yang menujukan sifat berosilasi. Tensors field strength transformation homogeneously to extend gauge transformation fulfilling charateristic gauge invariant form. Analysis gauge invariant in integral form shows corresponding with space-time coordinate that prove new topology Lagrangians form. Furthermore invariant charateristic of Pontryagin-Chern to non-Abelian tensor gauge fields and lemma Poincare used to contruct ChSAS forms which shows quasi-inavriant under gauge transformation. This paper aims to prove Yang-Mills tensor gauge field of ChSAS forms has variation non-Abelian anomaly like Chern-Simons forms. The integration ChSAS forms resulted 4, 6 and 8-dimensional even gauge variation which also correspond 3 and 5-dimensional odd gauge variation Chern-Simons forms. The ChSAS forms also showed complex variable and osilation. Keywords: Pontryagin-Chern, Kuat medan tensor non-Abelian, Chern-Simans-Antoniadis-Savvidy, Anomali Non-Abelian.

EMBEDDING OF NONCOMMUTATIVE MASSIVE QED

In this paper, BFT formalism of Proca model in noncommutative space is investigated. Considering that all theories with first class constraint are gauge theories, Proca model in noncommutative space is not a gauge theory in general due to the appearance of second class constraints in it. In present research, the Proca model is converted into a gauge theory using BFT approach by introducing several auxiliary variables which in turn manage to convert the second class constraints to first class ones. Consequently, we apply modified BFT that preserve the chain structure of constraints. Modified BFT has the benefit that it gives less number of independent gauge parameters and we obtain gauge generating function and infinitesimal gauge variation of fields in Proca model. As results, we investigate partition function of this model and embedded noncommutative Proca is ready to quantize in usual way.

Modelo para formação de composições ferroviárias

<p>Este trabalho apresenta um modelo analítico para resolver o problema da formação de trens, o qual consiste na definição de seus itinerários, freqüências, tamanhos e perfis de carregamentos e tração, a fim de atender à demanda no período estipulado e sujeito às restrições físicas e operacionais da empresa ferroviária. A heurística desenvolvida leva em conta aspectos fundamentais, como frota heterogênea e limitada de locomotivas e vagões, variação de bitola na malha e cargas com diferentes prioridades. Inicialmente é obtida uma solução de trens diretos, a qual é em seguida objeto de refinamento, para combinar trens e minimizar a movimentação de vagões vazios. A heurística incorpora um algoritmo de caminho mínimo e uma estratégia baseada no problema da mochila binário (knapsack Problem). O modelo foi aplicado com sucesso para um caso real de formação de trens da FEPASA.</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>This work presents an analytical model to solve the train formation problem, which consists of the definition of itineraries, frequencies, sizes, and profiles of shipments and traction of the trains, in order to meet the demand in the specified period, subject to the physical and operational constraints of the rail company. The heuristic presented takes into account fundamental aspects such as heterogeneous and limited fleets of locomotives and wagons, gauge variation in the rail network, and cargoes with different priorities. A solution related to direct trains formation is obtained at first, which is then submitted to a refinement procedure, to combine trains and minimize the movement of empty wagons. The heuristic incorporates a shortest path algorithm and a strategy based on the Knapsack Problem. The model was successfully applied to a real case with data from FEPASA.</p>