Abstract 13237: Motivations and Barriers to Join an Automated External Defibrillator Network: A Nationwide Survey

Introduction: Since 2007, citizens have been able to register an automated external defibrillator (AED) with the Danish AED Network, which holds >23,000 AEDs (394 AEDs/100,000 inhabitants) linked directly to the Emergency Medical Dispatch Centers. In 2019, 60.8% of sold AEDs were registered in the network. This study aimed to identify motivations and barriers for registration with the nationwide Danish AED Network. Methods: A cross-sectional survey among owners of newly registered AEDs in the Danish AED Network was carried out from September 2017 to December 2020. Each month, 30-50 random AED-owners participated. The survey included items on motivations and barriers to join the AED network and items on AED accessibility. Results: In total, 1,540 AED-owners were included (25.3 % of newly registered in the period (n=6087)). The time from AED-purchase to AED-registration was “<1week” in 25.7%, “<1month” in 23.4%, “1month-1year” in 28.6%, “>1year” in 20.4%, and “Do not know” in 1.9%. Knowledge about the AED network is illustrated in Figure 1. Over half of the AED-owners registered their AED because they felt it was a ‘good cause’ (64.0%), followed by ‘registering upon request’ (20.6%), and ‘after a first aid course’ (5.5%). Of newly registered AEDs, 73.8% (n=1137) were 24/7-accessible. The most frequent reason for choosing limited AED accessibility (AED placed indoors/not available 24/7, n=403) was “greater expenses” (26.8%), whereas “fear of theft/vandalism” only accounted for 12.4%. Conclusion: Among AED-owners registering their AED to the Danish AED Network, most heard about the registry through word of mouth, registered their AED within the first year of purchase, and registered primarily because they felt it was a good cause. Most newly registered AEDs were 24/7-accessible. The biggest expressed barrier to AED accessibility was increased expenses whereas fear of theft or vandalism was a minor issue.

Dying for a Cause: Meaning, Commitment, and Self-Sacrifice

Some people willingly risk or give up their lives for something they deeply believe in, for instance standing up to a dictator. A good example of this are members of the White Rose student resistance group, who rebelled against the Nazi regime and paid for it with their lives. I argue that when the cause is good, such risky activities (and even deaths themselves) can contribute to meaning in life in its different forms – meaning-as-mattering, meaning-as-purpose, and meaning-as-intelligibility. Such cases highlight the importance of integrity, or living up to one's commitments, in meaningful living, or dying, as it may be, as well as the risk involved in commitment, since if you die for a bad cause, you have only harmed yourself. However, if leading a more rather than less meaningful life benefits rather than harms you, there are possible scenarios in which you yourself are better off dying for a good cause than living a longer moderately happy life. This presents a version of a well-known puzzle: what, then, makes dying for a cause a self-sacrifice, as it usually seems to be? I sketch some possible answers, and critically examine relevant work in empirical psychology.

Charity auctions from an economic perspective — literature review

One of the most common means of raising funds is the charity auction. At charity auctions, money is collected for a good cause, and the products are purchased for private consumption — the bidders may achieve both public and private gains. The charitable nature of this type of auction makes them different from standard auctions. The paper aims to present the main characteristics of this fundraising strategy as well as make a comparison with other formats of raising money for a good cause, i.a. lotteries. Furthermore, the main differences between charity and non-charity auctions will be explained. The studies do not clearly demonstrate whether the charity auction is a more effective mechanism of raising funds than the lottery. However, there is evidence that both formats outperform voluntary contributions. From the perspective of charity organizations, the most effective charity auction format seems to be the all-pay auction. The studies have also revealed that revenues at charity auctions are higher than at standard auctions.

Helping Hand

The purpose of the website is to raise donations, and the people in need. Users signing up to this website will be able to donate their valuable belongs to a good cause. They will be able to receive help from the community full of donator’s as well. Users must sign up with proper validation, and then they will be easily able to collect or distribute money and things between the community. With proper reasoning and proof Users will be able to request a donation. The donations and Posts will be tracked down and visible on the user’s profile to show his contribution. Admin of the website will monitor all the activities of the website. They Hold all the power of the website, as they will be able to delete any post or user. They can specifically delete any user will all his post along it if found of suspicion by the admin. The user – admin communication is made, and users will be directly able to communicate with the admins through a contact page.

Transparency in Predictive Algorithms: A Judicial Perspective

<p><i>Although the apparent hyperbole about the promises of AI algorithms has successfully entered upon the judicial precincts; it has also procreated some robust concerns spanning from unfairness, privacy invasion, bias, discrimination, and the lack of legitimacy</i><i> to the lack of transparency</i><i> and explainability</i><i>, </i><i>etc.</i><i> Notably, critics have already denounced </i><i>the current use of the </i><i>predictive algorithm in the judicial decision-making process in many ways, and branded them as ethically, legally, and technically distressing.</i><i> So contextually, whereas there is already an ongoing transparency debate on board, this paper attempts to revisit, extend and contribute to such simmering debate with a particular focus from a judicial perspective. Since there is a good cause to preserve and promote trust and confidence in the judiciary as a whole, a searchlight is beamed on exploring how and why justice algorithms ought to be transparent as to their outcomes, with a sufficient level of explainability, interpretability, intelligibility, and contestability. This paper also ends up delineating the tentative paths to do away with black-box effects, and suggesting the way out for the use of algorithms in the high-stake areas like the judicial settings.</i></p>

The wrong vaccine: custody time limits and loss of liberty during Covid-19

In a context where the criminal courts have been drastically affected by coronavirus, this paper seeks to demonstrate that the presumption of innocence risks becoming a further casualty of Covid-19. It will argue that prolonged pre-trial detention of unconvicted defendants has been sanctioned by the senior judiciary under the Custody Time Limit (CTL) Regulations. Following a series of important CTL decisions, a universal position of the senior judiciary, one supportive of government, is emerging: despite the case backlog resulting in defendants facing trial delays of unknown length, the exceptional circumstances of the pandemic which the executive faces, amounts to ‘good cause’ to extend CTLs. It will be argued that the correct approach for courts to follow is that that they must hear evidence that justifies why no court rooms are available before using that to mandate extensions. It will be further contended that these far-reaching decisions came from the senior judiciary's perceived need to mop up the problem posed by widespread refusals to extend CTLs, raising questions as to their ability to act independently of political pressure.

Transparency in Predictive Algorithms: A Judicial Perspective

<p><i>Although the apparent hyperbole about the promises of AI algorithms has successfully entered upon the judicial precincts; it has also procreated some robust concerns spanning from unfairness, privacy invasion, bias, discrimination, and the lack of legitimacy</i><i> to the lack of transparency</i><i> and explainability</i><i>, </i><i>etc.</i><i> Notably, critics have already denounced </i><i>the current use of the </i><i>predictive algorithm in the judicial decision-making process in many ways, and branded them as ethically, legally, and technically distressing.</i><i> So contextually, whereas there is already an ongoing transparency debate on board, this paper attempts to revisit, extend and contribute to such simmering debate with a particular focus from a judicial perspective. Since there is a good cause to preserve and promote trust and confidence in the judiciary as a whole, a searchlight is beamed on exploring how and why justice algorithms ought to be transparent as to their outcomes, with a sufficient level of explainability, interpretability, intelligibility, and contestability. This paper also ends up delineating the tentative paths to do away with black-box effects, and suggesting the way out for the use of algorithms in the high-stake areas like the judicial settings.</i></p>

Сlarinets in Carl Maria von Weber’s Early Operas

В статье проанализированы партии кларнетов в ранних операх Карла Марии фон Вебера — композитора, позднее создавшего для этого инструмента ряд произведений, которые до сих пор входят в его концертный репертуар. Работа Вебера с кларнетом до сольных сочинений (первое из них, Концертино, было написано в 1811 году) показывает освоение им опыта предшественников и процесс поиска собственного пути в композиции. Первые оперы Вебера, не без оснований считающиеся незрелыми и малоудачными сочинениями, обычно не попадают в поле зрения исследователей, но тем интереснее оказывается проследить, как он использует в этих операх инструмент, который в будущем станет столь важным для его творчества. Если в «Немой лесной девушке», первой из сохранившихся опер Вебера, кларнет звучит редко и характерные черты его тембра лишь едва заметны, то в последовавшем за ней «Петере Шмоле» эти черты проявляются уже более ярко и разнообразно. Наконец, в истории создания «Сильваны», оперы в общем не показательной в смысле использования кларнета, содержится любопытный сюжет, через который соединяются ранние оперы Вебера и его сольные кларнетные сочинения. The article examines clarinet parts in early operas by Carl Maria von Weber, who later created several works for this instrument, that still remain in its concert repertory. Weber’s work with this timbre before turning to solo works (the first one, Concertino, was written in 1811) shows his learning from the experience of his predecessors and searching for his own way in composing music. Weber’s first operas, considered with good cause immature and unsuccessful works, do not usually fall within the attention of scholars, but it is nevertheless interesting to trace in this operas his use of the instrument that would later become so important for his creative work. In Das stumme Waldmädchen, his first surviving opera, the clarinet plays only rarely and its distinctive features are just barely perceptible, but in the following Peter Schmoll these features are revealed in a more vivid and diverse manner. Finally, the history of Silvana that is generally not exemplary for clarinet use, contains a curious case that connects Weber’s early operas and his solo clarinet works.

Using Wormholes to Solve the Problem of Evil

The Multiverse Response to the problem of evil has it that God made our universe because God makes every universe meeting a certain standard. The main problem for that response is that there’s no explanation for why God didn’t just keeping making duplicates of perfect universes. This paper introduces the ‘Multiactualities Response’, which says that God actualises every possible world that meets a certain standard of value. It avoids the corresponding problem about duplication because different propositions must always be true at distinct worlds. The Multiactualities Response nevertheless has its own problem, namely that it requires the possibility of multiple actual worlds. This paper argues that if we consider spacetimes with wormholes, we have good cause to think there can be multiple metaphysically privileged present moments; given a suitable analogy between time and modality, it follows that there can be multiple metaphysically privileged (i.e. actual) worlds. This paper includes an in–depth examination of the metaphysics of both the temporal and modal cases.