Households’ Intended Evacuation Transportation Behavior in Response to Earthquake and Tsunami Hazard in a Cascadia Subduction Zone City

Earthquakes along the Cascadia subduction zone would generate a local tsunami that could arrive at coastlines within minutes. Few studies provide empirical evidence to understand the potential behaviors of local residents during this emergency. To fill this knowledge gap, this study examines residents’ perceptions and intended evacuation behaviors in response to an earthquake and tsunami, utilizing a survey sent to households in Seaside, OR. The results show that the majority of respondents can correctly identify whether their house is inside or outside a tsunami inundation zone. Older respondents are more likely to identify this correctly regardless of any previous disaster evacuation experience or community tenure. The majority of respondents (69%) say they would evacuate in the event of a tsunami. Factors influencing this choice include age, motor ability, access to transportation, and trust in infrastructure resiliency or traffic conditions. While the City of Seaside actively promotes evacuation by foot, 38% of respondents still state they would use a motor vehicle to evacuate. Females and older respondents are more likely to evacuate by foot. Respondents with both higher confidence in their knowledge of disaster evacuation and higher income are more likely to indicate less time needed to evacuate than others. Generally, respondents are more likely to lead rather than follow during an evacuation, especially respondents who report being more prepared for an evacuation and who have a higher perceived risk. This study showcases a unique effort at empirically analyzing human tsunami evacuation lead or follow choice behavior.

Hak Tenurial Masyarakat Adat Dalam Wilayah Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Lindung

This study aims to identify community tenure rights in the Ambon City KPHL and find out the factors that influence community tenure rights. The research method used is a case study research with a qualitative approach. Data was collected through interviewing respondents and key informants. The results showed that the types of community tenure rights in the State of Soya in the KPHL management area included ownership rights, land rights, exclusive preference rights to use rights and utilization rights. Whereas the factors that influence community tenure rights include internal factors, namely land leases, rights to trees, land sale and purchase, and original rights. External factors include the establishment of protected areas, the absence of local regulations governing community tenure rights, development of educational institutions, rights to trees and land grabbing.

Finance and appointeeship

This chapter describes the broad sweep of benefits, other sources of help, and practical interventions such as appointeeship, also known as representative payeeship, to help people with more severe mental health problems manage their money and keep their community tenure. The challenges of access to financial help and complex eligibility rules for patients and carers are covered. Legal frameworks are described for people deemed incapable of managing their own affairs, including the Court of Protection and Lasting Power of Attorney.

Results of Forensic Assertive Community Treatment in Belgium After 33 Months

IntroductionForensic adaptations of assertive community treatment (ACT) remain understudied in Europe, whereas promising results emerge from the United States. There is a need for research into the effectiveness of ForACT outside the United States, as Europe differs greatly in terms of organisation of mental health and judicial system.ObjectiveInvestigating effectiveness of forensic adaptations of ACT in the area of Flanders, Belgium. Outcome measures are divided into forensic, like arrests or incarcerations, and non-forensic, like admissions and length of stay.AimsInvestigating effectiveness of ForACT on forensic and non-forensic outcome measures as well as factors related to outcome. A third outcome is community tenure, which is the actual number of days divided by the potential number of days spent in the community.MethodsA controlled cohort study was designed over with first results at 33 months. The experimental group consists of a new ForACT team in the area of Flanders, Belgium (n = 70). Patients are admitted from prison, psychiatric hospitals or other community-based care. The control group consists of mentally ill offenders in community-based treatment after release from prison (n = 56).ResultsResults on forensic measures and community tenure are promising in favour of the ForACT team. In contrast, clients are often, though shortly, readmitted into psychiatric residential care. Substance use emerges as the main reason for admissions.ConclusionsA local forensic adaptation of ACT reveals promising results on forensic outcome measures, yet suffers a large number of admissions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Time to Prison Return for Offenders With Serious Mental Illness Released From Prison

Serious mental illness (SMI) represents a major risk for repeated incarceration, yet recidivism studies often do not specifically focus on persons with SMI as compared to non-SMI offenders. The study reported here systematically identified Utah State prisoners released from 1998 to 2002 ( N = 9,245) who meet criteria for SMI and compared SMI and non-SMI offenders on length of time to prison return. Findings indicate that 23% of the sample met criteria for SMI ( n = 2,112). Moreover, survival analyses demonstrated a significant difference in return rates and community tenure for offenders with SMI compared to non-SMI offenders when controlling for demographics, condition of release, offense type, and condition of return (parole violation vs. new commitment). The median time for all SMI offenders to return to prison was 385 days versus 743 days for all non-SMI offenders, 358 days sooner ( p < .001). Implications of these findings are discussed.