Glycosylation of Volatile Phenols in Grapes Following Pre-Harvest (On-Vine) vs. Post-Harvest (Off-Vine) Exposure to Smoke

Taint in grapes and wine following vineyard exposure to bushfire smoke continues to challenge the financial viability of grape and wine producers worldwide. In response, researchers are studying the chemical, sensory and physiological consequences of grapevine smoke exposure. However, studies involving winemaking trials are often limited by the availability of suitable quantities of smoke-affected grapes, either from vineyards exposed to smoke or from field trials involving the application of smoke to grapevines. This study compared the accumulation of volatile phenol glycosides (as compositional markers of smoke taint) in Viognier and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes exposed to smoke pre- vs. post-harvest, and found post-harvest smoke exposure of fruit gave similar levels of volatile phenol glycosides to fruit exposed to smoke pre-harvest. Furthermore, wines made from smoke-affected fruit contained similar levels of smoke-derived volatile phenols and their glycosides, irrespective of whether smoke exposure occurred pre- vs. post-harvest. Post-harvest smoke exposure therefore provides a valid approach to generating smoke-affected grapes in the quantities needed for winemaking trials and/or trials that employ both chemical and sensory analysis of wine.

PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND TO EVALUATE THE ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC AND PETROLEUM ETHER EXTRACT OF NYCTANTHES ARBOUR-TRISTIS ROOT. (FAMILY-NYCTAGINACEAE)

Objective: To estimate the anthelmintic activity of hydro-alcoholic (methanol) and petroleum ether extract of Nyctanthes arbour-tristis (family-Nyctaginaceae) in conjugation with phytochemical screening.Methods: The hydro-alcoholic and petroleum ether extract of the whole root part of the plant Nyctanthes arbour-tristis (family-Nyctaginaceae) was prepared. And studies Phytochemical constitutes by the various standard method. The anthelmintic activity of the plant was performed by a different extract of plant material were tested against adult Indian earthworms pheretima posthuma as test worms, the bioassay determines the time of paralysis and time of death. Albendazole is used as a standard reference drug.Results: The present study shows the phytochemical analysis, the anthelmintic activity of the hydro-alcoholic and petroleum ether extract of the root of Nyctanthes arbour-tristis. Various phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannin, phenol,, glycosides, saponins respectively. The anthelmintic activity of the plant extract showed significant results against all earthwormsConclusion: The study has shown that petroleum ether and methanolic extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis root have significantly determined anthelmintic activity. But the methanolic extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis root shown most significant anthelmintic activity as compared to petroleum ether extract.

Highly efficient synthesis of arbutin esters catalyzed by whole cells ofCandida parapsilosis

Acylation modification of phenol glycosides is currently of great interest due to the improved bioavailability and multiple functions.