THE STUDY OF FOREST BIOGROUPS IN THE SUBURBAN FORESTS OF NUR-SULTAN

The article presents the results of the study of forest biogroups of 2010 planting in suburban forests Nursultan. The paper provides an assessment of the conservation of plantings on thesample plots. The greatest conservation of the birch weeping is on the sample plot 3 and it is 97.4%. The conservation of common pine and weeping birch on the sample plots 1 and 2 has not changed significantly. The average overall conservation of forest biogroups remained at a high level and amounted to 92.3%.

USE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL-BIOCHEMICAL, CELLULAR AND SUB-CELLAR CHARACTERISTICS OF BETULA PENDULA AS MARKERS OF SEED GERMINATION AND MONITORING TERRITORY POLLUTION

The amount of total soluble protein cytogenetic indices, germination ability in the seed progeny of Betula pendula in areas with different levels of anthropogenic pollution was studied. The seed progeny of Betula pendula has an increased germination ability and total protein in areas with low pollution levels as compared to the control group (seeds collected in the ecologically clean territory) and to the same parameters for the areas with high levels of anthropogenic pressure. A high positive correlation was established between seed germination and the amount of total soluble protein. The parameter “amount of total protein” is characterized as a marker of seed germination, which determines the possibility of their germination. Cytogenetic parameters (mitotic activity, percentage ratio of cell number at mitosis stages, level of mitosis pathologies, level of cells with persistent nucleoli at metaphase - anaphase mitosis stage) of seed seedlings of weeping birch were studied as marker signs of anthropogenic pollution of territories. Relations between cytogenetic and biochemical characteristics were found. The impact of the environment, caused mainly by heavy metal pollution, on birch trees and their seed progeny, can be defined as hormesis by biochemical and cytogenetic indices. A comprehensive study of cytogenetic and biochemical parameters can allow a quick and adequate evaluation of the seed quality of unknown origin which is especially important for plant industry and forestry as it allows selecting stable planting material and for the collection of material for pharmacognostic purposes in areas with different ecological pressure. Determining cytogenetic indices and the amount of total protein allows forecasting the germination capacities and germination abilities of the seeds of the weeping birch.

Cytogenetic variability of seed progeny from trees of weeping birch (Betula pendula Roth), growingin different ecological conditions

The study of cytogenetic characteristics of weeping birch (Betula pendula Roth) seed progeny was carried out on anthropogenically polluted territories of Voronezh city, and on ecologically «clean» territory. Four groups of seedlings on each territory were revealed. They are «mutable», «low-mutable» and two intermediate groups. The description of cytogenetic characteristics of these groups was made. The results of the study may be used for recommendation on selection of maternal trees producing seeds resistant to unfavorable conditions of the environment.