Composite Procedures and Judicial Review in the Single Resolution Mechanism: Iccrea Banca

Iccrea Banca is a landmark ruling regarding judicial protection in composite decision-making procedures. Its importance extends not only to the Banking Union but also to EU administrative law more broadly. This paper argues that the Court's judgment in Iccrea Banca affirms the recent Berlusconi and Fininvest ruling regarding the Single Supervisory Mechanism, and extends its ratio decidendi to the Single Resolution Mechanism. It further argues that Iccrea Banca leaves open a number of questions, notably as regards the irregularities affecting the national preparatory act or proposal that would be reviewed by the CJEU, and the 'legal fate' of that national measure. Furthermore, we do not know which other composite procedures, whether within or beyond the Banking Union, would come to be decided under the principles established in this case. It is likely that more litigation will follow on these matters, and that future case law will provide much-needed answers to the questions left open in Iccrea Banca and earlier rulings.

Artificial Neural Networks in Inflation Forecasting at the Meso-Level

The aim of the article is to analyze inflation factors and their influence on the consumer price index in the regions. The article discusses the existing mathematical models for the forecasting of the regional inflation rate as an important national measure. Advantages, disadvantages and application fields of these models are presented. The appropriateness of recurrent neural network use for regional inflation forecasting is demonstrated. The article describes the process of neural network architecture creation, its training, inflation parameter forecasting.

Abstract 138: Socioeconomically Equitable Public Defibrillator Placement Using Mathematical Optimization

Introduction: Mathematical optimization can be used to place automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in locations that maximize coverage of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs). However, the extent to which optimization strategies affect socioeconomically equitable distribution of AEDs is unknown. Methods: All suspected OHCAs and registered AEDs in Scotland between Jan. 2011 - Sept. 2017 with a recorded location were included and mapped across the quintiles of the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD), a national measure of socioeconomic status. First, we maintained AEDs at current locations and modeled placing an equal number of additional AEDs to maximize “coverage” (i.e., AED located within 100 m) of suspected OHCAs. A second analysis determined optimal sites for relocating all existing AEDs to optimize coverage without additional AEDs. We computed the proportion of OHCAs covered in each SIMD quintile under each AED placement strategy. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to test difference in coverage levels across all regions of Scotland. Results: We identified 49,692 suspected OHCAs and 1,532 AEDs. Existing AEDs covered 1,384 OHCAs (2.8%), with OHCA coverage peaking in quintile 3 (moderate deprivation), indicating a mismatch with the distribution of suspected OHCA. Adding an equal number of new AEDs in optimal locations covered 10,465 OHCAs (21.1%; P<0.001). Optimal relocation of existing AEDs with no additional units covered 9,464 OHCAs (19.0%; P<0.001). OHCA coverage under either optimization strategy peaked in quintile 1 (highest deprivation), aligning to the OHCA incidence distribution. Conclusion: Optimizing AED placement significantly increases OHCA coverage and better aligns coverage with OHCA incidence across SIMD quintiles, improving socioeconomic equity of OHCA coverage. Relocating existing AEDs could achieve similar coverage to doubling the number of devices.

The Withdrawal of Homeland Territoriality in a Cross-National Perspective

This chapter presents a replicable, systematic, cross-national measure of the homeland status of lost territory which is consistent with the ideational character of homelands and captures the possibility that their scope can change. This indicator is based on the systematic tracing over time of the way in which domestic media on both sides of every new international border drawn between 1945 and 1996 spoke about the land newly located on the wrong side of the border. This measure enables the inclusion of the homeland status of lost territory in quantitative analysis of conflict in ways that bridge the gap between political science theory and existing proxies for the homeland status of territory. Using a survival analysis, the chapter then explores the general purchase of explanations of the withdrawal of homeland territoriality from parts of the homeland left on the wrong side of new international borders. This analysis shows that those conditions which produce evolutionary dynamics—namely, the sustained presence of meaningful institutionalized domestic political competition over time—are consistently associated with withdrawing homeland territoriality from lost parts of the homeland, even when controlling for the other factors that shape whether territory is included in the homeland.

Joined Cases A. K. v. Krajowa Rada Sądownictwa (C-585/18) and CP (C-624/18), DO (C-625/18) v. Sąd Najwyższy (C.J.E.U.)

Joined Cases C-585/18, C-624/18, and C-625/18 concerning the independence of the Disciplinary Chamber of the Sąd Najwyższy (Polish Supreme Court) is the latest in a series of European Union (EU) Member States requesting the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) to rule on the independence of their judicial systems. While the organization of justice systems within Member States is a competence of Member States (and thus not for the EU to determine or decide), the CJEU has held that Member States are nevertheless required to comply with obligations under EU law to ensure effective judicial protection and, as a necessary corollary, judicial independence. The significance of the current case lies in the formulation by the CJEU of a “European” standard of judicial independence, and its finding that national judges may set aside the jurisdiction of courts found not to be independent against that standard and to disapply any national measure (in accordance with the principle of the primacy of EU law over national law) that gives jurisdiction to a non-independent court.

Unbundling Corruption: Revisiting Six Questions on Corruption

Corruption is conventionally measured in global indices as a one-dimensional problem—one score for every country—a practice that has profoundly shaped our conceptualization of corruption and its relationship with capitalism. What if we unbundle corruption into qualitatively distinct types and then measure them across countries? How will this approach change our understanding of corruption? This review article serves two purposes. First, it introduces a new framework for “unbundling corruption” into four varieties and highlights their differential economic effects. Based on this typology, I piloted a new cross-national measure of these four varieties of corruption in fifteen countries, using an expert, perception-based survey—the Unbundled Corruption Index (UCI)™. Second, I review six questions on corruption through the lens of unbundling corruption. Shifting our focus of corruption from its aggregated quantity to its quality not only changes our responses to commonly asked questions about corruption, it also prompts new questions.

PROFESSIONAL STAFFING AND ROLES IN CARE TEAMS SERVING FRAIL ELDERS LIVING IN THE COMMUNITY: 22 SITE VISITS

In 2017, as part of a study to understand the evolving roles of nurses, physicians and social workers in leading and working in teams, our interprofessional team explored 22 sites of care for frail elderly adults in five US regions (Chicago IL, Denver CO, Tampa/Orlando FL, San Diego CA, New England).. The purpose of these site visits was to understand the current range of models of care for frail elders living in community, the roles of health professionals within those care models, and to inform national measure development. We selected regions based on elder population density, scope of NP practice, and screened over 100 sites to identify physician, nurse and social work led teams. We included general primary care, PACE, academic geriatrics, home based primary care, assisted living, FQCHC, palliative care, mobile health. We interviewed 108 key informants. We found considerable variation in staffing/elders within each site type.