PENDETEKSIAN DINI TINGKAT KEMANAN INFORMASI BERBASIS ISO 27001 : 2013 MENGGUNAKAN METODE AHP (ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS)

Information is one of the important assets for the survival of an organization / business, defense security and the integrity of the country, public trust between consumers, so that the availability, accuracy and integrity must be maintained, or commonly abbreviated as CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity & Availability). ISO 27001 is an information security standard published in October 2005 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). However, until now there has been no tool for companies in Indonesia to do a pre-assessment of the level of information security. Plus the lack of socialization of the rules and the lack of ISO 270001 expert in Indonesia, these are reason why the authors conducted this research. The author begins research by collecting data, by studying literature and interviewing experts to identify problems. After that, in its implementation, this research will be directed (knowledge acquisition) and reviewed directly by an ISO 27001 expert from The British Standard Institution of the United Kingdom (BSI) so that the results are more accurate. After that, the writer determines the weighting method (decision making), scoring method, system development method, and simulation method (testing). The results of the study are in the form of pre-assessment to evaluate the information security assessment index, which will be displayed according to indicators pioneered from ISO 27001: 2013 using AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) decision-making methods, as well as web-based making it easier to review.

Abrasivity of a Dentifrice containing Nano Carbonate Apatite

Carbonate apatite has a similar structure to the inorganic component of teeth and bone. Although carbonate apatite is widely used as a bone substitute, there are no reports on its use as a desensitizing dentifrice. This in vitro study evaluated the relative abrasivity of the dentifrice containing nano-sized carbonated apatite (n-CAPs) using a Surface Profile Method (SPM). The dentin specimens were made from the root of extracted human molars. The cervical part of the teeth was sectioned with a diamond wheel disk. The teeth were embedded into an epoxy resin mold and the surface was gradually polished using silicone carbide paper. After grinding, the degree of surface roughness was examined within the range of 2 mm with tapping. The British Standard Institution reference dentifrice (BSI: CaCO3 40%) and the experimental dentifrices (group 1: n-CAPs 30%, group 2: n-CAPs 15% and silica 15%, group 3: n-CAPs 5% and silica 25%, group 4: silica 30%, group 5: CaCO3 10% and SrCl2 10%) were compared. The dentifrice slurries were prepared by mixing 24 grams of the dentifrice in 12 ml distilled water. Each tooth specimen was brushed 1,000 times with the dentifrice slurries using a back-and-forth stroke. The relative abrasivity of each dentifrice was evaluated by determining the ratio of the BSI standard dentifrice to each experiment. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons using Window SPSS (Statistical analysis system) 12.0. According to the results, Group 1 (3.2), which contained only n-CAPs appeared to have the lowest abrasivity than the BSI dentifrice (100). However, Groups 2 (124.2), 3 (137.9) and 4 (178.1), which contained n-CAPs and silica, appeared to have a higher abrasivity than the BSI dentifrice (p>0.05). The relative abrasivity of group 5 (38), which was a commercial desensitizing dentifrice, was relatively lower. It appears that the higher abrasivity of the experimental is due to the shape and size of the silica component. Therefore, n-CAPs itself has no influence on the abrasivity of the dentifrice. The main reason for the low abrasivity of n-CAPs is believed to be its small particle size (range 50-90nm).

Abrasivity of Desensitizing Dentifrice Containing Sodium Metasilicate

This in vitro study compared the abrasivity of commercial desensitizing dentifrices with a sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) dentifrice using a Surface Profile Method. Dentin specimens were made from the root of extracted human molars. The cervical part of the teeth was sectioned with a diamond wheel disk. The teeth were embedded into an epoxy resin mold and the surface was gradually polished by silicone carbide paper. After grinding, the degree of surface roughness was tested within the range of 2 mm with tapping. The British Standard Institution reference dentifrice (BSI: CaCO3 40%) and experimental dentifrices (group 1: Na2SiO3 25%, CaCO3 10% and SiO2 10%, group 2: CaCO3 10% and SiO2 10%, group 3: CaCO3 10% and SrCl2 10%, group 4: Colloidal Silica 2-3% and Hydroxyapatite 10-20%) were evaluated. The dentifrice slurries were prepared by mixing 24 grams of the dentifrice in 12 ml distilled water. Each tooth specimen was brushed with the dentifrice slurries 1,000 times. The relative abrasivity of each dentifrice was evaluated from the ratio of the BSI standard dentifrice to each experiment. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons using Window SPSS (Statistical analysis system) 12.0. Groups 1 (71), 2 (74.2), 3 (38) and 4 (7.8) showed a lower abrasivity than the BSI dentifrice (100) (p<0.05). The relative abrasivity of groups 3 (38) and 4 (7.8) was the lowest compared with the BSI dentifrice (100). However, group 1 (71) containing Na2SiO3 showed a similar abrasivity to group 2 (74.2), which did not contain Na2SiO3 (p>0.05). Therefore, Na2SiO3 had no influence on the abrasivity of the dentifrice. In conclusion, the dentifrice containing Na2SiO3 had a lower abrasivity than the BSI reference dentifrice, but showed a significantly higher abrasivity than the existing commercial desensitizing dentifrices. Overall, the relatively high abrasivity of Na2SiO3 dentifrice is believed to be the result of other components in the abrasive system.

Analysis of Fat-Soluble Vitamins. XVII. Comparison of Chemical and Biological Assays of Vitamin D

Two methods, the chemical assay using maleic anhydride addition and the British Standard Institution chick bioassay, were used to analyze samples from vitamin D3 resin batches manufactured over a period of about 4 years. Statistical analysis of data obtained for vitamin D shows that (1) the reproducibility of the chemical assay has a coefficient of variation of 0.7% ; (2) the chemical assay is suitable for controlling the dilution procedure of resins in oil, the product variability being represented by a coefficient of variation of 1.7% ; (3) the agreement between the average values obtained by the bioassay and the chemical method is satisfactory (geometric mean ratio = 99.7%, n = 39); (4) the chick bioassay has 95% limits of variation of about ±30% for single results.

Evaluation of gravel for concrete and road aggregates, Rapti River, Central Nepal Sub-Himalaya

Several local mining sites of sand and gravel have been operating for decades in the Rapti River. River gravels are consumed in Hetauda, Narayanghad and areas in India near the border between Nepal and India. Until now little known about consumers concerning about quality of gravel. The present study was carried out to evaluate quality of river gravel to know its suitability for aggregate (raw material for concrete and road). The samples of river gravel were analysed for petrographic, physical, mechanical and chemical properties. Samples were categorised as quartzite group, carbonate group and granite group according to British Standard Institution (BSI). Among these, samples of quartzite group were found dominant. Image analysis of gravel showed that clasts were well graded. The majority of the samples had rounded, high sphericity and oblate triaxial clasts. The surface texture of clasts was rough to smooth. In terms of shape, workability of gravel was satisfactory. Gravel samples possessed low water absorption value (0.69 to 1.12%) and low effective porosity. Dry density of samples ranged from 2460 to 2680 kg/m3. Aggregate impact values of samples (14.2 to 16.1%) showed good soundness. Los Angeles abrasion test also showed consistent hardness of each of the samples as uniformity factor did not exceed 0.2. Magnesium sulphate values ranged between 4.46% and 7.29% suggesting good resistance against chemical weathering and frosting. Comparing with the existing Nepal Standard, British Standard and American Standard of Testing Material, the studied samples were suitable for concrete and road aggregates. doi: 10.3126/bdg.v10i0.1425 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Vol. 10, 2007, pp. 99-106