Development of Evaluation Scale for Clinical Research Educaton

Background: There is no scale developed to evaluate clinical research education. The aim of the study is to introduce a development of clinical research scale first time for evaluation in Medical and Clinical Pharmacology clinical research practices.Methods: “Retrospective descriptive research” method was preferred for data collection and classification. The study group of the research consists of students who volunteered to be evaluated in the third grade medical students. The students were asked to fill the form and the pool of statements was compiled. Literature screening and expression pools selected words, has been converted into sentences with attitude expression. a 5-point Likert-type scale consisting of 12 items was prepared through the questionnaire study. The scale study with 150 students was included. Sample size was calculated in order to evaluate the correlation of item total score.Results: The sample size was “very good” [KMO=0.864 ]. Barlett’s Test of Shericity [p<0.001 ] was significant. Cronbach’s alpha value of the scale was 0.91. This value indicates that the scale degree is in "very good" for reliability, validity and sample size. This scale is suitable for correlation matrix factor analysis; the sample adequacy degree in is ”very good". The reliability coefficient of Guttman [rt = 0.830 ] and Spearman-Brown [rsb = 0.831 ], which represent the scale divided into two, were found. Conclusion: This newly developed scale has been shown to be able to evaluate students' attitudes towards clinical research and can be used in future education periods. Trial registration: “Retrospective descriptive research”

GOOD BAD TIME

The article discloses the axiological potential of the qualitative metaphor of time on the example of emotive prose and poetry of German-speaking authors. Time as an abstract notion is rendered metaphorically. Metaphor, taken as an image, is a universal pattern that is used to form emotional and evaluative categories. It encompasses an image representation, evaluation information and attitude expression, both positive and negative. There is an attempt to assess the correlation between ameliorative and pejorative evaluation of time in poetry and emotive prose discourse in the German-language literature. However, besides positive and negative modes, evaluation may also have some other semantic features, which can contribute to its more detailed classification. We analyzed the possibility of using the classification by N.D. Arutyunova to identify and distribute these semantic features among the suggested sets.