THE DECREASED TWO-MINUTE RECOVERY PULSE AFTER ZUMBA IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS AGES 16-18 YEARS OLD

Decreased pulse rate in the first 2 minutes after following an exercise can predict the presence of coronary arterydisease which is a state where there is plaque in the arteries that can inhibit blood flow to the heart muscle which thanleads to coronary heart disease. Therefore it is necessary to take an exercise program that can improve heart functionto avoid cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study is to find out whether Zumba can decrease the 2-minute recoverypulse rate in adolescent girls ages 16-18 years old. The study applied experimental research with one group pre test –post test design. The sample amounted 12 selected people according to simple random criteria. The study has shownthat there was a significant decrease of the 2-minute recovery pulse rate (p<0.05) before and after intervention. Zumbacan decrease the 2-minute recovery pulse rate in adolescent girls ages 16-18 years old. Keywords: Zumba, 2-Minute, Recovery, Pulse Rate

NORMAL CORONARY ANGIOGRAM;

Objectives: To observe the clinical characteristics of patients having normalcoronary angiogram following an abnormal stress test or presented with chest pain indicatingcoronary angiogram. Study Design: A single center retrospective, descriptive study. Period:Coronary angiograms done from September 2015 to September 2016 were retrievedand reviewed for normal coronary arteries. Setting: Khatum-un-Nabyeen Heart Center.Methodology: Clinical profile of the patients having normal coronary angiogram was retrievedfrom hospital record. Results: Out of 900 angiograms reviewed, 81(9%) were having normalcoronary arteries. Mean age was 43±10 years. Females were 64.1%. Clinical characteristicof study group was as follows: smokers 32.09%, family history of premature coronary arterydisease 51.8%, hyperlipidemia 60.4% and hypertension 19.7%. Diabetes was present onlyin 20.9%. Among females: 19.2% were current users of oral contraceptives pills and 13.4%were post menopausal. Mean BMI was 25.4±4. Conclusion: Normal coronary angiogram isinfrequent observation in cardiac catheterization laboratories and mostly found in youngerto middle aged females. Family history of coronary artery disease and hyperlideimaare verycommon in such patients.

VARIANT ANGINA

Introduction: The syndrome of variant angina occurs in patients with awide spectrum of coronary artery obstructions, ranging from normal coronary arteries to severe 3-vessel coronary arterydisease (CAD). Treatment of these patients is, in large part, determined by the extent and severity of the underlyingfixed coronary obstructions. Objective: To determine the clinical features of variant angina with and without fixed severecoronary artery disease. Setting: Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Duration: Two years. Study design: Descriptive,comparative analytical study. Material & methods: Sample size 108 patients. Sampling technique: Convenientprobability sampling done. Results: 43 patients with variant angina who had less than 50% fixed coronary luminaldiameter narrowing (group-I) were compared with 65 patients with variant angina who had 70% or greater diameternarrowing (group-II). Statistically significant differences were found in 3 clinical features between group-I and group-IIi.e. (1) a more than 3 months history of angina at rest before diagnosis (80% vs 23%, P <0.001); (2) an abnormalelectrocardiogram at rest (19 vs 48%, P <0.01). (3) an abnormal stress test (26% (8 of 30) vs 84% (15 of 18), P <0.01.However, these features were not clinically reliable in separating patients with variant angina with and without fixedsevere obstructions because of overlap between the two groups. No difference was found between the 2 groups in age,sex, predominant symptoms at the time of catheterization, history of exertional angina, syncope with angina, prolongedangina, previous artery disease. Conclusion: Coronary arteriography should be performed to define the underlyingcoronary anatomy and to determine optimal therapy in patients with variant angina.