Reading of today Russian adolescents in the context of digital reality

Reading of literature is important type of activity contributed to the formation of identity and worldview. Reading for teenagers has become an optional activity, perceived as the leisure, preference is given to watching TV, computer games, social networks and etс. These changes are principally related to the processes taking place in modern society, including the increasing representation of digital technologies in the life of adolescents. Psychological study showed that in the structure of reading motivation of today adolescents can be distinguished: benefit motive, entertainment motive, escapism motive, personal motive, compulsion motive, social motive. At the same time, more than a third of adolescents do not have any formed reading motivation, and prevail motives for reading are external motives: benefit motives, entertainment and compulsion motives. The age dynamic and gender differences can be traced. Sociological surveys show that the reading circle of adolescents consists of printed and electronic books and periodicals. The proportions change towards the preference for electronic reading. Despite the fact that the Internet has increased the intensity of teenagers reading, they read not only e-books, but also news, encyclopedias, humorous sites, publications about celebrities and music portals. Thus, digitalization increases the volume of reading, but decreases its quality.

PROSES PENANGKAPAN TUNA MADIDIHANG (Thunnus albacares) DENGAN ALAT TANGKAP PANCING ULUR (HAND LINE) DI PULAU AMBON

Tuna fishing activities using the hand line tool is an optional activity that has been occupied by the community in Ambon Island. The use of hand-line fishing gear is used to catch yellowfin’s tuna and is classified as environmentally friendly fishing gear. In the process of operating the gear, the fishermen's experience and fishing techniques must be considered. This study aims to 1) know a general description of the social and economic conditions of hand-line fishing fishermen, and 2) know the fishing process using hand lines including the use of fishing gear, the operating methods and the yellowfin tuna’s fishing ground carried out by fishermen of Assilulu, Laha and Latuhalat. This research was conducted for 8 months from February to September 2020. The primary collection was carried out through an interview process by using questionnaire and field observations while secondary data were obtained from supporting literature. The data collection method used the purposive sampling with 29 respondents. The data analysis used was descriptive qualitative. The results showed that fishermen in the three locations had good experiences in doing their jobs. The level of education and the level of fishermen's welfare are still low. The construction of hand-line fishing gear used is the same in these three villages, but the size of hook, the use and the operational costs in fishing are different by each other. The technique of yellowfin tuna is to see a herd of dolphins and use FAD (Fish Aggregating Device). The fishing ground for tuna is still in the waters of Ambon Island and its surroundings. ABSTRAK Aktivitas penangkapan ikan tuna menggunakan alat tangkap pancing ulur merupakan suatu pilihan kegiatan yang telah ditekuni oleh masyarakat di Pulau Ambon. Penggunaan alat tangkap pancing ulur ini digunakan untuk menangkap ikan tuna madidihang dan tergolong alat tangkap ramah lingkungan. Dalam proses pengoperasian alat tangkap pancing ulur harus memperhatikan pengalaman nelayan serta teknik penangkapan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui gambaran umum kondisi sosial dan ekonomi nelayan pancing ulur, dan 2) mengetahui proses penangkapan ikan dengan menggunakan pancing ulur meliputi penggunaan alat tangkap, metode pengoperasian serta daerah penangkapan (fishing ground) tuna madidihang yang dilakukan oleh nelayan di Negeri Assilulu, Laha dan Latuhalat. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 8 bulan dari bulan ferbuari-September 2020. Pengumpulan secara primer dilakukan melalui proses wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner serta obervasi lapangan, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari literatur pendukung. Metode pengambilan data menggunakan purposive sampling dengan responden sebanyak 29 responden. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nelayan pada ketiga lokasi memiliki pengelaman yang baik dalam melakukan pekerjaannya. Tingkat pendidikan dan tingkat kesejahteraan nelayan masih rendah. Konstruksi alat tangkap pancing ulur yang digunakan sama pada ketiga negeri, namun ukuran mata pancing, penggunaan berbeda serta biaya operasionalnya dalam melaut berbeda. Teknik penangkapan ikan tuna madididang yaitu melihat kawanan gerombolan lumba-lumba dan menggunakan rumpon. Daerah penangkapan ikan tuna masih berada di perairan Pulau Ambon dan sekitarnya. Kata Kunci : Penangkapan, tuna madidihang, nelayan, pancing ulur, Pulau Ambon