Advanced Oxidation Based Treatment of Soil Wash Water Contaminated with Sulfolane

This study investigates advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) as post-treatment techniques to degrade sulfolane in soil washing water. Soil washing experiments were conducted with different soil/water ratios, shaking times, and number of extraction cycles. The soil wash water containing sulfolane was treated with four AOPs including H2O2/ultraviolet (UV), O3/UV, alkaline ozonation, and neutral Fenton reagent. Results show that sulfolane can be effectively removed from the soil using water as a washing solvent, where optimum conditions were found with 30 min of vigorous shaking, using 1:2 soil/water mass ratio, and a three-cycle extraction procedure. Moreover, the sulfolane in the soil wash water was also effectively degraded using appropriate AOPs. Among the four AOPs investigated, neutral Fenton was the least effective method to treat sulfolane in the wash water, while H2O2/UV, O3/UV, and alkaline ozonation can achieve more than 99% of sulfolane degradation within 1 h.

Autonomous Control and Dynamics Simulation of a 3-Stages Countercurrent Liquid-Liquid Extraction: Trimetozine Purification as a Case Study

Liquid-liquid extraction is a technique of extraction heavily used in chemical industry and especially for purification of pharmaceuticals. Trimetozine was used as a case study to test the performance of an implemented platform capable of conducting the extraction of the analyte of interest from its impurities using a washing solvent. Three stages of pairs of mix-er-settler were designed for a full control of the streams flow rates, the temperature, and the speed of stirring. The countercurrent extraction was chosen with an inline IR sensor as a Process Analytical Technology and a Partial Least Squares model to quantify the partitioning of the different analytes in the downstream of the platform. The dynamics of the extraction was followed experimentally and simulated in MATLAB in order to build black-box model.

Autonomous Control and Dynamics Simulation of a 3-Stages Countercurrent Liquid-Liquid Extraction: Trimetozine Purification as a Case Study

Liquid-liquid extraction is a technique of extraction heavily used in chemical industry and especially for purification of pharmaceuticals. Trimetozine was used as a case study to test the performance of an implemented platform capable of conducting the extraction of the analyte of interest from its impurities using a washing solvent. Three stages of pairs of mix-er-settler were designed for a full control of the streams flow rates, the temperature, and the speed of stirring. The countercurrent extraction was chosen with an inline IR sensor as a Process Analytical Technology and a Partial Least Squares model to quantify the partitioning of the different analytes in the downstream of the platform. The dynamics of the extraction was followed experimentally and simulated in MATLAB in order to build black-box model.

Formation mechanism of rod-like ZIF-L and fast phase transformation from ZIF-L to ZIF-8 with morphology changes controlled by polyvinylpyrrolidone and ethanol

Rod-like ZIF-L was formed through a self-assembly mechanism, and phase transformation from ZIF-L to ZIF-8 occurred once ethanol was used as the washing solvent.

Solvent washing with toluene enhances efficiency and increases reproducibility in perovskite solar cells

The fabrication process such as the amount of washing solvent, spin rates and time for reproducible preovskite solar cell has been optimized.

Effects of Synthesis Conditions on the Textural and Morphological Properties of Mesoporous Silica (SBA-15)

Due to the growing interest in using mesoporous materials as catalytic support, this paper presents the synthesis and characterization of mesoporous silica (SBA-15) prepared under different synthesis conditions. Variables studied were acidity of the synthesis duration, synthesis sol, aging duration, and washing solvent. The influence of these parameters on the textural properties and morphology of the mesoporous silica is reported. Increasing the sol acidity changed the shape of the particles from cylindrical (fiber) to spherical.

Reverse Micelle Synthesis of Zirconia Powders: The Use of Hydrogen Peroxide as Washing Solvent

Yttria-stabilized zirconia nanopowders were synthesized using AOT/isooctane reverse micelles. XRD results showed that the powders were tetragonal with crystallite sizes ranging between approximately 1-50 nm depending on the thermal treatment given to the powders. BET surface area analysis of the powders gave a specific surface area of 230 m2/g for the assynthesized powders and 19.3 m2/g for the powders treated at 1000°C. This results in equivalent powder particle diameters of 4 nm and 52 nm, respectively. Washing of the powders is a very significant step for successful post-processing of powders obtained by AOT/isooctane reverse micelles. The use of ethanol and dry ether did not remove AOT, as determined from EDS measurements. Subsequent experiments showed that a novel solvent (hydrogen peroxide) was effective in removing AOT from the powders. The reason for the effectiveness of the new solvent is its capacity to decompose the AOT into weak acids, which are easily washed away with deionized water.