Music’s Textual Dilemma

Music is sound: audible, unique, ephemeral. For music composed before the advent of electronic recording a century and a quarter ago, musical texts — the unique arrangements of musical symbols by which music is represented in visible form — are our principal evidence for how that music sounded when it was created. But the texts in which Western music of the past is preserved are not necessarily accurate representations of the music they record. Although the symbols that make up Western musical notation have remained relatively stable over the centuries, much that they represent has changed. Tunings and temperaments have varied — from repertoire to repertoire and from place to place. So have styles of singing and of playing instruments. So have the instruments themselves. Most important in the present context, the conventions for realizing texts have varied substantially; the idea that performers should follow their texts closely dates only from the mid eighteenth century. In these contradictions lies music’s textual dilemma: music historians and performers must depend upon texts, but even supplemented by research in performance practice, texts do not necessarily provide the information necessary to support informed discussion.

METHODS OF DEPROGRAMMING THE MASTICATORY MUSCLES: LITERATURE REVIEW

Deprogramming of masticatory group muscles is an integral step in determining and fixing the centric jaw relation in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with orthopedic and orthodontic pathology of the maxillary system. The review presents the main methods for determining the centric jaw ratio using deprogramming of masticatory muscles, as well as indications for the use of these methods. In complete adentia, the most acceptable are the method of non-forced control of the mandibular movements, the Dawson method, the Schiler method, the method of recording the Gothic angle, transcutaneous electroneurostimulation. The above-listed methods can be used in partial adentia as well, and in the presence of all teeth in the oral cavity. In the pathology of the temporomandibular joint, deprogramming methods using the Lucia jig, a leaf gauge, Sliding Guide, as well as the method of recording the Gothic angle will also perform a diagnostic function. With the help of these methods, it is possible to change the design of long-wearing deprogrammers and medical devices. The most universal of these methods are the method of electronic recording of the Gothic arch and transcutaneous electroneurostimulation.

Thoughts on files

With the benefit of an anthropological attention to the importance of ‘things’ and the relations between ourselves and things (‘artefacts’), this paper gives attention to the Social Work File. Despite the rise of electronic recording, social work archives remain full of thousands of files that are increasingly accessed, especially by those who have been in care, and physical file-keeping remains a regular feature of practice. There is already a body of literature relating to the information in social work files, however this paper shifts the focus from this to the nature and role of the File itself. ‘Hidden in plain sight’ but laden with meaning and capacity, I identify the little we know already about the file. The various ways files and their authors and subjects, can interact are explored together with the file’s symbolic properties and the power held by the file’s owner, and the ability of the file to ‘other’ its subject. Whilst we understand that the practice shapes the file, how might the file shape practice?

Digital Technology in Clinical Trials for Multiple Sclerosis: Systematic Review

Clinical trials in multiple sclerosis (MS) have been including digital technology tools to overcome limitations in treatment delivery and disease monitoring. In March 2020, we conducted a systematic search on pubmed.gov and clinicaltrials.gov databases (with no restrictions) to identify all relevant published and unpublished clinical trials, in English language, including MS patients, in which digital technology was applied. We used “multiple sclerosis” and “clinical trial” as the main search words, and “app”, “digital”, “electronic”, “internet” and “mobile” as additional search words, separately. Digital technology is part of clinical trial interventions to deliver psychotherapy and motor rehabilitation, with exergames, e-training, and robot-assisted exercises. Digital technology has been used to standardise previously existing outcome measures, with automatic acquisitions, reduced inconsistencies, and improved detection of symptoms (e.g., electronic recording of motor performance). Other clinical trials have been using digital technology for monitoring symptoms that would be otherwise difficult to detect (e.g., fatigue, balance), for measuring treatment adherence and side effects, and for self-assessment purposes. Collection of outcome measures is progressively shifting from paper-based on site, to internet-based on site, and, in the future, to internet-based at home, with the detection of clinical and treatment features that would have remained otherwise invisible. Similarly, remote interventions provide new possibilities of motor and cognitive rehabilitation.

NORMALIZATION OF HEALTH RECORDS IN THE SERBIAN LANGUAGE WITH THE AIM OF SMART HEALTH SERVICES REALIZATION

The development of information technology increases its use in various spheres of human activity, including healthcare. Bundles of data and reports are generated and stored in textual form, such as symptoms, medical history, and doctor’s observations of patients' health. Electronic recording of patient data not only facilitates day-to-day work in hospitals, enables more efficient data management and reduces material costs, but can also be used for further processing and to gain knowledge to improve public health. Publicly available health data would contribute to the development of telemedicine, e-health, epidemic control, and smart healthcare within smart cities. This paper describes the importance of textual data normalization for smart healthcare services. An algorithm for normalizing medical data in Serbian is proposed in order to prepare them for further processing (F1-score=0,816), in this case within the smart health framework. By applying this algorithm, in addition to the normalized medical records, corpora of keywords and stop words, which are specific to the medical domain, are also obtained and can be used to improve the results in the normalization of medical textual data.

METHODS FOR KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF HUMAN MOVEMENT IN MILITARY APPLICATIONS: A REVIEW OF CURRENT AND PROSPECTIVE METHODS

Expansion of methods employed in the kinematic analysis of human movement for diagnosing of the physical and mental health of subjects can be traced back to the 1990`s when new information technologies and electronic recording systems started their development boom. Evaluation methods of body movement for the diagnostics of physical and mental health expanded significantly in clinical practice. This study presents an overview of these methods with the focus on how applicable the analysis of human movement can be in military practice, where they are currently marginally used. The aim of this study is to offer some recommendations on how particular methods could be utilized in an army context. This article also suggests the most appropriate methods of quantitative evaluation for posture and motion control in the course of standing, gait and other activities carried out in military training and active duty.

ELECTRONIC SEGMENT IN THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA

The article deals with the study of the electronic segment of criminal process in the Republic of Lithuania. Specialized electronic tools of criminal process in the form of information systems are analyzed, including: Integrated information system of criminal process, special website; electronic monitoring device. There are also a few non-specialized electronic criminal process tools, including: audiovisual telecommunications, electronic communications, electronic and digital media. The requirements for electronic recording of individual investigative actions using photography, audio, video, filming, other means and instruments of fixation have been investigated. Requirements for electronic recording of interrogation, search, arrest, identification of a person by a photo are noted. The norms of the Criminal Procedure Law of the Republic of Lithuania governing the electronic form of a criminal case in the form of an electronic file are stored, which stores electronic procedural documents drawn up or received in the course of a pre-trial investigation signed by a secure electronic signature. The rules for electronic communication between the subjects (participants) of the pre-trial investigation are analyzed. Procedural actions in the criminal proceedings of the Republic of Lithuania, carried out by the body of pre-trial investigation, by the prosecutor or the judge may be recorded electronically. With the consent of the investigator, at the conclusion of the pre-trial investigation, a copy of the pre-trial investigation file may be transmitted electronically and a copy of the indictment by electronic means or by electronic means. It is established that the trial is accompanied by electronic recording of its progress and results, participation in the trial of criminal proceedings can be ensured by remote transmission of audio and video, and familiarization with procedural documents – on a special website and e-mail. According to the results of the study of the electronic segment, the criminal procedural law of Latvia establishes the opportunity to use such experience in the introduction of electronic technologies in domestic science and practice of criminal procedural activity, the possibility of qualitative legislative implementation of changes.

Electronic segment in criminal procedural legislation of Armenia

The article deals with the study of electronic segment in the criminal procedural law in Armenia. It proves the use of specialized electronic tools and information systems within the framework of criminal process in Armenia. Among them: a special computer system for recording, archiving data and protecting the system; technical means for controlling and intercepting telephone and other types of communications. The author identifies a number of non-specialized electronic tools applied in criminal proceedings, in particular: audio-visual, video recording, electronic or telegraph technical means; electronic media; means of communication; computer; phone; technical means, etc. The paper also presents the requirements for electronic recording of individual investigative ac-tions carried out by means of photographic work, audio-recording, video-recording, filming. Criminal-Procedural Code of Armenia separately specifies the requirements for electronic recording of interrogation, examination, exhumation, witnessing, person identification by a photograph, submitting a corpse for identi-fication, search, mail monitoring, telegrams and other means of communication, inspection and withdrawal of correspondence, wiretapping of telephone conversations, investigatory experiment, obtaining samples for carrying out expert research. The study focuses on the right of the suspect immediately after his / her deten-tion to notify of his / her whereabouts and the reasons for his / her detention using phone or other means of communication. However, it is possible to delay the effectuation of this right for up to 12 hours, if there is a reasonable assumption that immediate exercise of this right may obstruct crime prevention or will result in destroying or damaging the evidence. Moreover, petition for permission to apply measures of procedural coercion may be sent to the court and supervising prosecutor in electronic format. Procedural actions within criminal proceedings in Armenia are recorded in electronic format through the prism of the procedural action protocol. The hearing is accompanied by electronic recording of its progress and results. Electronic communication is also employed in terms of international cooperation.

A Novel Underwater Location Beacon Signal Detection Method Based on Mixing and Normalizing Stochastic Resonance

A flight data recorder (FDR) is an electronic recording device placed in an aircraft for the purpose of facilitating the investigation of aviation accidents. If an aircraft crashes into water, an underwater locator beacon (ULB), which is installed on the FDR, is triggered by water immersion, and emits an ultrasonic 10 ms pulse signal once per second at 37.5 kHz. This pulse signal can be detected by sonar equipment. However, the ULB signal only can be detectable 1–2 kilometers from the surface in normal conditions. Stochastic resonance (SR) is a rising theory in the field of weak signal detection. The classical stochastic resonance limits state that the input must be small-parameter and the sampling frequency must be 50 times higher than the signal frequency. It cannot be applied to the ULB signal detection. To resolve this problem, this paper presents a novel approach named mixing and normalizing stochastic resonance (MNSR). By mixing the ULB signal and normalizing SR system parameters, MNSR provides a new way to detect weak ULB signal. Meanwhile, we propose the parameters adjustment method of MNSR. We prove the effectiveness through numerical simulation. An experiment in a tank is employed to verify the practicability of this method.